Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus exposure in Egypt: Opportunities for prevention and evaluation

Table 1 The probability of hepatitis C virus transmission by different routes of exposure

Exposure route	Exposure frequency	Transmission probability	Population exposed	Significance1	Ref.
Blood transfusion	Very low	1 (100%)	2300 k/yr	Zero	[2,16]
Organ donation	Very low	1	< 100/yr	Zero	[2]
Injection drug users	High	≥ 0.8	Very small	Very low	[23,24]
Hemodialysis	High	≥ 0.75	Small	Very low	[26-28]
Sexual	High	Unk3	Adults	Zero	[29]
Intrafamilial	Unknown	Unk	General	Very low	[15,16]
Needle stick	High	≤ 0.02	Occupational	Low	[31]
Injections	44.1/p per year	≤ 0.02	General	High	[17,30,53,60]
Maternal	High	0.02	New born	Low	[33,43]
Dental	High	≤ 0.02	General	High	[62-65]
Iatrogenic	High	≤ 0.02	General	High	[14,42,43,45,49,50,54]

¹Significance refers to the extent that the specific exposure route contributes to overall national HCV transmission in Egypt;

²1000 persons per year;

³Unknown;

⁴Persons per year. HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 2 The number of persons who received one or more injections in the last 6 mo by gender

Gender	Yes	No	Total	Prevalence %	95%CI (lower-upper)
Female	1493	4661	6154	24.3	23.2-25.4
Male	625	4403	5028	12.4	11.5-13.3
Total	2118	9064	11182	18.9	18.2-19.6
OR = 2.3					2.0-2.5

Demographic Health Survey 2008[10]. OR: Odds ratio.

Table 3 To answer the question: "The last time you had an injection from a health worker did the person who gave you that injection take the syringe and needle from a new, unopened package?" Demographic Health Survey 2008[10]

Question1	Yes	No	Total	Prevalence %	95%CI (lower-upper)
New	1273	221	1494	14.80	13.0-16.6
Unopened
Package

¹Among those who received an injection and replied to the question.