Insulin resistance and steatosis in HBV-HCV co-infected patients: Role of PNPLA3 polymorphisms and impact on liver fibrosis progression

Table 1 General characteristics of the 330 patients include in the study

	HBV-HCV group	HBV group	HCV group	P
No. of patients	66	66	198
Medianage (range)	48.5 (25-67)	47 (23-65)	50 (22-65)	NS
Males	60.60%	63.60%	55.50%	NS
Disease duration (yr ± SD)	22.3 ± 9.7	21 ± 7.6	23.2 ± 8.4	NS
BMI (mean ± SD)	25.7 ± 3	26 ± 4.5	26.7 ± 4	NS
Glycaemia (mean ± SD) mg/dL	90 ± 13.4	85.8 ± 14.4a	95 ± 20b	0.09 (a vs b)
HOMA	2.48 ± 2.65c	2.0 ± 1.17	3.63 ± 4.5d	0.042 (c vs d)
Cholesterol (mean ± SD) mg/dL	182 ± 34	182 ± 31	182 ± 41	NS
Triglycerides (mean ± SD) mg/dL	109 ± 55	85 ± 29	103 ± 53	NS
AST (mean ± SD) IU/L	55 ± 39e	83 ± 84f	65 ± 52	0.02 (e vs f)
ALT (mean ± SD), IU/L	44 ± 62.5g	124.95 ± 92h	90 ± 74i	0.001 (g vs h) 0.001 (g vs i) 0.01 (h vs i)
Median HBV DNA (range) IU/mL	1.9 × 103 (1500-10 × 107)	2 × 105 (3000-1× 108)		0.0001
Median HCV RNA (range) IU/mL	1.15 × 105 (120- 6.4 × 105)		6.98 × 105 (2818-8 × 106)	0.025
HCV genotype:
3	7%		8.7%	NS
Non-3	93%		91.3%
HAI score (mean ± SD)	5.9 ± 2.9	6.2 ± 3.4	6.3 ± 3.6	NS
Fibrosis score (mean ± SD)	3.32 ± 0.45l	3.46 ± 0.48m	2.9 ± 0.30n	0.001 (l vs n)
				0.001 (m vs n)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HOMA: Homeostasis model assessement; AST: Aspartate transferase; ALT: Alanine transferase; NS: No significant.

Table 2 Steatosis prevalence and distribution in the different groups

	Steatosis prevalence	Steatosisgrade 1	Steatosisgrade 2-3
HBV-HCV group (n = 66)	47.0%	43.6%	3.4%
HBV group (n = 66)	33.3%	21.2%	12.1%
HCV group (n = 198)	49.5%	23.2%	26.3%a

^aP = 0.016 vs group HBV-HCV. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.

Table 3 Distribution of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 polymorphisms and their relation to steatosis n (%)

PNPLA3	Steatosis no	Steatosis yes	Steatosis score 1	Steatosis score 2-3
Overall
p.148I/I	83 (55)	65 (36)	44%	23%
p.148I/M	62 (41)	82 (46)	49%	40%
p.148M/M	6 (4)	32 (18)b	7%	37%
HBV/HBV-HCV groups
p.148I/I	32 (61)	36 (45.6)	55%	12.5%
p.148I/M	20 (38)	33 (41.8)	42%	37.5%
p.148M/M	1 (1)	10 (12.6)d	3%	50.0%
HCV group
p.148I/I	53 (54)	44 (44)	60%	17%
p.148I/M,	43 (44)	31 (31)	30%	33%
p.148M/M	2 (2)	25 (25)f	10%	50%

^bP = 0.0001;

^dP = 0.0001;

^fP = 0.0001 vs Steatosis no group. PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.