Insulin sensitizers for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Summary of metformin trials in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Ref.	Study type	Subject number	Therapy	Compared with	Duration	NAFLD vs NASH	Liver enzymes	Histology
Marchesini et al[32]	Open label, single arm	20	Metformin	Baseline	4 mo	NASH	Improved	Not assessed
Nair et al[33]	Open label, Single arm	15	Metformin	Baseline	48 wk	NAFLD	Transiently improved	Mildly improved
Uygun et al[34]	Open label, RCT	36	Metformin	Diet/Exercise	6 mo	NASH	Improved	Not improved
Bugianesi et al[35]	Open label, RCT	110	Metformin	Vitamin E/Diet	12 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Improved
Duseja et al[36]	Open label, RCT	50	Metformin	Diet	6 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Not assessed
de Oliveira et al[37]	Open label, Single arm	20	Metformin and NAC	Baseline	12 mo	NASH	Improved	Improved
Loomba et al[38]	Open label, Single arm	28	Metformin	Baseline	48 wk	NASH	Improved	Improved
Haukeland et al[39]	Open label, RCT	48	Metformin	Diet/Exercise	6 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Not improved
Garinis et al[40]	Open label, RCT	50	Metformin	Diet	6 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Not assessed
Shargorodsky et al[41]	Open label, RCT	63	Metformin	Placebo	12 mo	NAFLD	Not improved	Not assessed

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized controlled trials.

Table 2 Summary of thiazolidinedione trials in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic

Ref.	Study type	Subject number	Therapy	Compared with	Duration	NAFLD vs NASH	Liver enzymes	Histology
Caldwell et al[53]	Open label, single arm	10	Troglitazone	Baseline	< 6 mo	NASH	Improved	Mildly improved
Neuschwander-Tetri et al[54]	Open label, single arm	30	Rosiglitazone	Baseline	48 wk	NASH	Improved	Improved
Promrat et al[55]	Open label, single arm	18	Pioglitazone	Baseline	48 wk	NASH	Improved	Improved
Sanyal et al[56]	Open label, RCT	20	Pioglitazone + Vitamin E	Vitamin E	6 mo	NASH	Improved	Improved
Belfort et al[57]	Blinded, RCT	55	Pioglitazone	Placebo	6 mo	NASH	Improved	Improved
Idilman et al[58]	Open label, RCT	74	Rosiglitazone	Metformin/life style modification	48 wk	NASH	Improved	Improved
Ratziu et al[59]	Blinded, RCT	63	Rosiglitazone	Placebo	12 mo	NASH	Improved	Improved
Omer et al[60]	Open label, RCT	64	Rosiglitazone	Metformin	12 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Improved
Sanyal et al[61]	Blinded, RCT	274	Pioglitazone	Placebo and vitamin E	24 mo	NASH	Improved	Improved

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized controlled trials.