Tenofovir alafenamide significantly increased serum lipid levels compared with entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

Table 1 Summary of demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline of chronic hepatitis B patients on tenofovir alafenamide or entecavir therapy

Characteristic	TAF, n = 214	ETV, n = 122	P value
Age in yr	43.38 ± 10.42	49.96 ± 11.82	0.001
Male	158 (73.83)	96 (78.69)	0.387
BMI in kg/m2	22.97 ± 2.93	23.78 ± 3.30	0.152
Smoking	16 (7.48)	15 (12.30)	0.203
Drinking	13 (6.07)	14 (11.48)	0.123
ALT in U/L	36.60 ± 36.87	30.44 ± 20.00	0.089
AST in U/L	28.01 ± 26.41	24.50 ± 13.58	0.172
logHBsAg in ng/mL	3.07 ± 0.92	3.04 ± 0.84	0.787
logDNA in IU/mL	1.94 ± 1.23	1.86 ± 1.05	0.56
CREA in μmol/L	73.68 ± 15.87	74.82 ± 16.78	0.535
UA in μmol/L	353.52 ± 89.10	357.23 ± 84.29	0.708
GFR in mL/min	103.48 ± 15.01	97.86 ± 14.17	0.001
CK in U/L	157.23 ± 444.75	122.91 ± 71.31	0.401
FBG in mmol/L	5.18 ± 0.80	5.52 ± 1.61	0.011
Concurrent diseases
Hypertension	17 (7.94)	21 (17.21)	0.016
DM	20 (9.35)	13 (10.66)	0.844
NAFLD	75 (35.05)	32 (26.23)	0.122
Cirrhosis	54 (25.23)	50 (40.98)	0.004

Data are presented as n (%). ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CK: Creatine kinase; CREA: Creatinine; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ETV: Entecavir; FBG: Fasting blood-glucose; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TAF: Tenofovir alafenamide; UA: Uric acid.

Table 2 Comparison of serum lipid profile before and after 1 year of anti-viral therapy either tenofovir alafenamide or entecavir

Characteristic	TAF, n = 214, statistic	P value1	ETV, n = 122, statistic	P value1	P value2
Pre-Tx TCHO in mmol/L	4.51 ± 0.93	0.001	4.41 ± 1.03	0.275	0.376
Post-Tx TCHO in mmol/L	4.67 ± 0.90		4.36 ± 1.05		0.006
Pre-Tx TG in mmol/L	1.25 ± 0.67	0.014	1.33 ± 0.75	0.052	0.35
Post-Tx TG in mmol/L	1.37 ± 0.81		1.24 ± 0.61		0.126
Pre-Tx HDL in mmol/L	1.32 ± 0.40	0.794	1.26 ± 0.40	0.879	0.246
Post-Tx HDL in mmol/L	1.32 ± 0.36		1.27 ± 0.41		0.285
Pre-Tx LDL in mmol/L	3.12 ± 0.90	0.785	3.06 ± 1.01	0.078	0.543
Post-Tx LDL in mmol/L	3.14 ± 0.92		3.15 ± 1.00		0.906
Pre-Tx NAFLD	75 (35.05)	0.125	32 (26.23)	1	0.122
Post-Tx NAFLD	70 (32.71)		31 (25.41)		0.16

¹Comparing the pretreatment and post-treatment variables (paired) in each therapy type.

²Comparing the same variable (either pretreatment or post-treatment) according to type of therapy. ETV: Entecavir; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TAF: Tenofovir alafenamide; TCHO: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; Tx: Treatment.

Table 3 Impact of tenofovir alafenamide on achieving a higher level of total cholesterol in chronic hepatitis B patients

Characteristic	TCHO, increased change (%) by using TAF compared with ETV1,2, OR (95%CI)	P value
5% higher than baseline	1.88 (1.11, 3.16)	0.019
10% higher than baseline	1.70 (0.94, 3.09)	0.081
15% higher than baseline	2.07 (0.99, 4.34)	0.055

¹All propensity score-matched models were adjusted for body mass index, age, sex, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and drinking. The increased percentage change was presented by using tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared with entecavir (ETV).

²The increased change was transformation of the treatment effect coefficients in propensity score-matched models. CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; TCHO: Total cholesterol.