Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease event: A cohort study

Table 1 Basic characteristics of population study in people without and with non-alcholic fatty liver disease

Characteristics	mean ± SD		P value
	Without NAFLD	With NAFLD
Men (n = 2667)	n = 1149	n = 1518
Age (yr)	42.02 ± 17.80	48.35 ± 14.24	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.35 ± 3.65	29.71 ± 3.96	< 0.001
WC (cm)	84.82 ± 10.39	99.57 ± 9.65	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	73.76 ± 12.18	80.72 ± 12.07	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	114.13 ± 14.65	121.81 ± 15.71	< 0.001
FBS (mg/dL)	94.48 ± 26.74	104.45 ± 33.03	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	1.75 ± 1.42	2.90 ± 2.33	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	123.35 ± 76.91	173.63 ± 101.92	< 0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	45.65 ± 11.51	40.31 ± 10.94	< 0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	99.99 ± 30.30	112.27 ± 30.42	< 0.001
Women (n = 2141)	n = 934	n = 1207
Age (yr)	37.88 ± 15.09	50.20 ± 12.37	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	27.01 ± 4.83	33.11 ± 4.76	< 0.001
WC (cm)	84.72 ± 11.34	100.25 ± 10.48	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	72.32 ± 12.39	80.21 ± 12.88	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	110.34 ± 15.77	121.65 ± 18.03	< 0.001
FBS (mg/dL)	94.97 ± 30.36	115.22 ± 49.96	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	2.20 ± 1.62	3.43 ± 3.13	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	115.25 ± 67.10	173.92 ± 118.78	< 0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	48.92 ± 11.81	42.98 ± 11.68	< 0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	104.15 ± 30.62	116.51 ± 31.06	< 0.001

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systole blood pressure; FBS: Fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

Table 2 The results of Cox proportional hazard models on fatal and non- fatal cardiovascular events as outcome, and Non-alcholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and age as potential predictors

Sex	Outcomes	Simple Cox proportional model			Multiple Cox proportional model
		Wald	HR (95% CI)	P value	Wald	HR (95% CI)	P value
NAFLD
In men	Fatal CVD events	0.963	1.345 (0.744-2.430)	0.326	0.104	0.903 (0.486-1.677)	0.747
	Non-fatal CVD events	8.400	1.606 (1.166-2.212)	0.004	3.723	1.384 (0.995-1.925)	0.054
In women	Fatal CVD events	1.570	1.694 (0.743-3.863)	0.210	0.002	1.178 (0.491-2.829)	0.714
	Non-fatal CVD events	2.327	1.416 (0.906-2.214)	0.127	0.063	0.941 (0.584-1.516)	0.802
Diabetes mellitus
In men	Fatal CVD events	37.13	6.692 (3.631-12.334)	< 0.001	8.398	2.688 (1.377-5.247)	0.004
	Non-fatal CVD events	30.98	2.999 (2.037-4.415)	< 0.001	8.789	1.885 (1.240-2.867)	< 0.001
In women	Fatal CVD events	10.99	4.034 (1.769-9.201)	< 0.001	2.165	1.867 (0.813-4.290)	0.141
	Non-fatal CVD events	40.71	4.358 (2.773-6.850)	< 0.001	14.35	2.507 (1.558-4.032)	< 0.001
Age
In men	Fatal CVD events	75.35	1.122 (1.094-1.152)	< 0.001	62.82	1.114 (1.085-1.144)	< 0.001
	Non-fatal CVD events	69.12	1.043 (1.033-1.054)	< 0.001	56.86	1.041 (1.030-1.052)	< 0.001
In women	Fatal CVD events	47.49	1.134 (1.094-1.176)	< 0.001	44.91	1.133 (1.093-1.176)	< 0.001
	Non-fatal CVD events	63.59	1.068 (1.051-1.085)	< 0.001	48.60	1.062 (1.044-1.081)	< 0.001

CI: Confidence interval; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HR: Hazard ratio; NAFLD: Non-alcholic fatty liver disease.