Effect of non-alcoholic beer, diet and exercise on endothelial function, nutrition and quality of life in patients with cirrhosis

doi:10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1299

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 12, Issue 12

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (6484)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-4) series, Tables (1-5) series.

Item

Count

PDF

388

WORD

192

HTML

3150

Figures (1-4)

163

Tables (1-5)

160

Sum=4053

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

683

Download

1748

Sum=2431

Dec 27, 2020 (publication date) through Apr 26, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (9)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Hepatology

ISSN

1948-5182

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Trials Study

World J Hepatol. Dec 27, 2020; 12(12): 1299-1313
Published online Dec 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1299

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

	All (n = 43)	Control (n = 21)	Intervention (n = 22)	P value
Sex n (%) F/M	26 (60.5)/17 (39.5)	12 (46.2)/9 (52.9)	14 (53.8)/8 (47.1)	0.663
Age (yr)	53.5 ± 7.8	53.7 ± 8.2	53 ± 7.6	0.768
BMI (kg/m²)	29.5 ± 4.2	29.2 ± 3.7	29.8 ± 4.8	0.635
Etiology of cirrhosis
HCV n (%)	14 (32.6)	6 (28.5)	8 (36.4)	0.063
AIH n (%)	9 (20.9)	3 (14.3)	6 (27.3)
NAFLD n (%)	8 (18.6)	5 (23.8)	3 (13.6)
Others¹n (%)	12 (27.9)	7 (33.4)	5 (22.7)
History of complications [n (%)]
Variceal bleeding	2 (4.7)	2 (9.5)	0 (0)	0.233
Encephalopathy	1 (2.3)	0 (0)	1 (4.5)	0.500
Ascites	5 (11.6)	3 (14.3)	2 (9.1)	0.664
Child-Pugh stage
A	38 (88.4)	20 (95.2)	18 (81.9)	0.345
B	5 (11.6)	1 (4.8)	4 (18.1)	0.345
Child-Pugh	5 (5-6)	5 (5-6)	5 (5-6)	0.617
MELD score	8 (7-10)	8 (7.5-9.5)	8.5 (7-10)	0.524
Biochemical parameters
TB (mg/dL)	1.19 (0.82-1.95)	1.15 (0.75-1.44)	1.28 (0.85-2.11)	0.284
ALT (U/L)	43 (26-77)	43 (30-86.5)	43.1 (20.75-77)	0.882
AST (U/L)	48 (37-93)	47 (40-80)	50.5 (32-98)	0.881
AP (mg/dL)	142.2 ± 57.7	123.7 ± 44.1	159.8 ± 64.4	0.039
Albumin (g/dL)	4.0 (3.6-4.2)	4.1 (3.8-4.3)	3.9 (3.3-4.1)	0.170
Leukocytes (K/µL)	4.2 (3.7-5.3)	4.0 (3.7-5.15)	4.75 (3.725-5.925)	0.233
Platelets (K/µL)	80 (62-125)	77 (61.5-125)	93.5 (63.5-125)	0.520
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.1 ± 1.94	14.2 ± 3.3	14.0 ± 2.4	0.755
INR	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	0.870
Glucose (mg/dL)	91 (83-103)	94 (83.5-109)	91 (81-100.5)	0.882
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.72 (0.63-0.80)	0.72 (0.60-0.81)	0.71 (0.64-0.79)	0.892
Sodium (mmol/L)	139 (137-141)	140 (137.5-141)	138 (137-140.2)	0.290
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.08 ± 0.32	4.0 ± 0.37	4.1 ± 0.25	0.198
CO2 (mmol/L)	24 (21-26)	23.0 (21.5-26)	24.5 (21-27.25)	0.518

¹Other etiologies included cryptogenic, primary biliary cholangitis and overlap syndrome (HAI/CBP). Data reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (p25-p75), according to the distribution of the data, or absolute frequency (percentage %). BMI: Body mass index; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; TB: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; AP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio.

Table 2 Changes in clinical and biochemical parameters

	Control (n = 21)			Intervention (n = 22)
	Baseline	Final	P value	Baseline	Final	P value
Number of daily steps	8718 ± 2998	11391 ± 4298	0.000	8533 ± 4072	11142 ± 4055	0.000
PHES score	-1 ± 2.2	0 ± 2.2	0.130	-1 ± 2.1	0 ± 2.3	0.179
CFF (Hz)	43.9 ± 7.1	45.5 ± 5.8	0.238	44.5 ± 8.1	47.2 ± 6.4	0.174
TB (mg/dL)	1.15 (0.75-1.44)	1.12 (0.85-1.28)	0.985	1.28 (0.85-2.11)	1.13 (0.8-1.865)	0.068
ALT (U/L)	43 (30-86.5)	41 (23.5-71)	0.024	43.1 (20.75-77)	36 (20.25-67.5)	0.198
AST (U/L)	47 (40-80)	45 (29.5-53.5)	0.015	50.5 (32-98)	44 (28-75.75)	0.035
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	123.7 ± 44.1	105 (79.50-139)	0.408	159.8 ± 64.4	159.9 ± 79.3	0.988
Albumin (g/dL)	4.1 (3.8-4.3)	4 (3.75-4.2)	0.668	3.9 (3.3-4.1)	3.9 (3.475-4.3)	0.501
Leukocytes (K/µL)	4.0 (3.7-5.15)	3.9 (3-5)	0.984	4.75 (3.725-5.925)	4.9 (3.62-6.1)	0.515
Platelets (K/µL)	77 (61.5-125)	75 (59-106.5)	0.278	93.5 (63.5-125)	107 (78.5-150.25)	0.046
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.2 ± 3.3	14.17 ± 1.52	0.968	14.0 ± 2.4	14.25 ± 2	0.834
INR	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	0.414	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	0.166
Glucose (mg/dL)	94 (83.5-109)	88 (82-108)	0.145	91 (81-100.5)	87.5 (84.75-96.25)	0.615
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.72 (0.60-0.81)	0.71 (0.6-0.84)	0.403	0.71 (0.64-0.79)	0.70 (0.62-0.79)	0.723
Na (mmol/L)	140 (137.5-141)	140 (139-141.5)	0.118	138 (137-140.2)	140 (138.5-141)	0.061
K (mmol/L)	4.0 ± 0.37	4.16 ± 0.38	0.195	4.1 ± 0.25	4.2 ± 0.37	0.078
CO₂ (mmol/L)	23.0 (21.5-26)	24.0 (22-26)	0.850	24.5 (21-27.25)	24 (22.95-26.15)	0.304

Data reported as mean ± standard deviation, or median (p25-p75), according to the distribution of the data. PHES: Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score; CFF: Critical flicker frequency; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; INR: International normalized ratio.

Table 3 Endothelial function and hemodynamic variables

	Control (n = 21)		P value	Intervention (n = 22)		P value
	Baseline	Final		Baseline	Final
AUC	103.13 (92.55-107.15)	93.15 (86.53-99.61)	0.021	98.04 (92.17-102.35)	93.62 (85.06-99.60)	0.046
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	120 (110-130)	120 (120-129)	0.418	120 (110-120)	113 (110-120)	0.513
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	80 (60-80)	80 (60-80)	0.862	70 (67.5-80)	70 (60-80)	0.385
Mean arterial pressure	90 (76.693.3)	93.3 (78.3-96)	0.729	86.6 (82.5-93.3)	83.3 (76.6-90.5)	0.385
Heart rate (bpm)	62 (60-72.7)	63 (60.25-80)	0.079	69 (61.5-75.2)	67 (61.5-71.25)	0.235

Data reported as median (p25-p75). AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 4 Changes in nutritional parameters at baseline and final evaluation

	Control (n = 21)		P value	Intervention (n = 22)		P value
	Baseline	Final		Baseline	Final
Phase angle	6.0 ± 0.7	5.9 ±0.6	0.427	5.8 ± 0.7	5.9 ± 0.7	0.198
MAMC (cm²)	24.1 ± 3.1	23.9 ± 3.5	0.462	23.5 ± 3.4	23.6 ± 3.9	0.783
TST (mm)	25.5 ± 7.9	24.7 ± 4.5	0.397	26.6 ± 6.7	26.9 ± 6.3	0.782
Thigh circumference (cm)	53.1 ± 6.5	52.9 ± 7.0	0.758	51.7 ± 6.4	53.1 ± 4.6	0.033
Handgrip strength (kg)	19.9 ± 11.5	21 ± 11.2	0.121	18.1 ± 10.3	19.9 ± 10.5	0.048
Sit-To-Stand test (s)	24.2 ± 4.4	20.9 ± 6.9	0.001	23.3 ± 3.9	21.0 ± 6.2	0.045

Data reported as mean ± standard deviation. MAMC: Mid-arm muscle circumference; TST: Triceps skinfold thickness.

Table 5 Changes in quality of life

	Control (n = 21)		P value	Intervention (n = 22)		P value
	Baseline	Final		Baseline	Final
CLDQ questionnaire
Abdominal symptoms	5.4 ± 1.3	5.2 ± 0.8	0.592	5.0 ± 1.5	5.1 ± 1.2	0.982
Fatigue	4.7 ± 1.1	5.2 ± 0.8	0.063	4.2 ± 1.2	5.1 ± 1.2	0.000
Systemic symptoms	5.6 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 0.9	0.892	4.3 ± 1.2	5.0 ± 0.9	0.002
Activity	5.3 ± 1.2	5.3 ± 1.3	0.892	4.8 ± 1.2	5.5 ± 1.2	0.028
Emotional function	4.9 ± 0.9	5.3 ± 1.1	0.056	4.3 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 1.0	0.000
Worry	5.1 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.1	0.521	4.3 ± 1.8	5.2 ± 1.8	0.002
CLDQ overall score	5.2 ± 0.8	5.4 ± 0.9	0.204	4.6 ± 1.0	5.3 ± 0.8	0.001
SF-36 questionnaire
Physical function	80 (70-90)	95 (80-95)	0.005	72.5 (65-95)	87.5 (70-95)	0.007
Physical role	75 (25-100)	100 (50-100)	0.166	62.5 (25 -100)	75 (25-100)	0.468
Body pain	84 (66-90)	84 (72-90)	0.341	78 (61-84)	78 (60-84)	0.725
General health	40 (37-47)	47 (35-52)	0.044	40 (25-55)	42 (32-52)	0.375
Vitality	65 (50-70)	70 (60-75)	0.453	62.5 (50-75)	70 (50-80)	0.037
Social function	100 (75-100)	88 (75-100)	0.875	75 (63-100)	88 (75-100)	0.080
Emotional role	67 (33-83)	67 (33-67)	0.972	67 (33-72)	67 (33-67)	0.752
Mental health	72 (68-84)	84 (64-88)	0.868	76 (64-84)	82 (68-92)	0.073

Data reported as mean ± standard deviation, or median (p25-p75), according to the distribution of the data. CLDQ: Chronic liver disease questionnaire; SF-36: 36-item short form health survey.

Citation: Macías-Rodríguez RU, Ruiz-Margáin A, Román-Calleja BM, Espin-Nasser ME, Flores-García NC, Torre A, Galicia-Hernández G, Rios-Torres SL, Fernández-del-Rivero G, Orea-Tejeda A, Lozano-Cruz OA. Effect of non-alcoholic beer, diet and exercise on endothelial function, nutrition and quality of life in patients with cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2020; 12(12): 1299-1313
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v12/i12/1299.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1299