Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Hepatol. Nov 27, 2020; 12(11): 1004-1019
Published online Nov 27, 2020. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i11.1004
Table 1 Sample characteristics, n = 379
Variables
n = 379
Gender, n (%)
Male78 (20.6)
Female301 (79.4)
Age in yr, mean ± SD39.1 ± 10.6
Weight in kg, mean ± SD123.7 ± 24.8
Minimum77
Maximum235
BMI in kg/m2, mean ± SD45.9 ± 7.5
BMI classification, n (%)
30-34.99 kg/m²3 (0.8)
35-39.99 kg/m²82 (21.6)
40-49.99 kg/m²210 (55.4)
50 kg/m² or more84 (22.2)
SMM in kg, mean ± SD34.1 ± 7.5
BCM in kg, mean ± SD39.4 ± 8.3
Fat mass in kg, mean ± SD62.6 ± 15.1
% Fat-mean ± SD50.7 ± 4.6
Visceral fat area in cm², mean ± SD243.7 ± 31.2
Phase angle °, mean ± SD
Full-body 5.89 ± 0.62
RA5.58 ± 0.62
LA5.42 ± 0.65
Tr7.97 ± 1.18
RL6.14 ± 0.81
LL6.07 ± 0.84
Table 2 Sample characteristics for liver disease, n = 379
Variables
n (%)
NAFLD
Yes379 (100.0)
No0 (0.0)
Hepatic steatosis
Absent0 (0.0)
Discreet159 (42.0)
Moderate104 (27.4)
Accented84 (22.2)
Massive32 (8.4)
Ballooning
Absent91 (24.0)
Discreet221 (58.3)
Moderate18 (4.7)
Accented49 12.9)
Massive0 (0.0)
Lobular inflammation
Absent243 (64.1)
Discreet100 (26.4)
Moderate28 (7.4)
Accented8 (2.1)
Massive0 (0.0)
NASH
Absent83 (21.9)
Grade 1201 (53.0)
Grade 267 (17.7)
Grade 328 (7.4)
Grade 40 (0.0)
Absent216 (57.0)
Grade 186 (22.7)
Grade 244 (11.6)
Grade 333 (8.7)
Grade 40 (0.0)
Cirrhosis
Yes0 (0.0)
No379 (100.0)
Table 3 Variation of body composition before and after bariatric surgery, n = 379
Variables
Pre
Post
P value
mean ± SD
mean ± SD
BMI in kg/m²45.9 ± 7.531.2 ± 5.0< 0.001
SMM in kg34.1 ± 7.529.0 ± 6.4< 0.001
BCM in kg39.4 ± 8.333.9 ± 6.9< 0.001
Fat mass in kg62.6 ± 15.131.9 ± 11.1< 0.001
% Fat 50.7 ± 4.637.2 ± 8.1< 0.001
Visceral fat area in cm²243.7 ± 31.2152.0 ± 51.0< 0.001
Table 4 Association of body composition variables with phase angle in men and women, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, n = 379
Variables
Weight in kg
SMM in kg
BCM in kg
Fat mass in kg
% Fat
Visceral fat area in cm²
Male gender, n = 78
PA full body-0.418c-0.118-0.101-0.469c-0.401c-0.075
PA RA-0.299b-0.083-0.064-0.337b-0.287a-0.095
PA LA-0.286a-0.031-0.008-0.349b-0.341b-0.136
PA Tr-0.0740.0740.094-0.134-0.1850.311b
PA RL-0.493c-0.179-0.170-0.531c-0.421c-0.101
PA LL-0.509c-0.211-0.209-0.534c-0.403c-0.066
Female gender, n = 301
PA full body-0.1060.125a0.122b-0.152b-0.393c-0.098
PA RA0.0110.169b0.148a-0.036-0.245c-0.111
PA LA0.0430.193b0.155b-0.009-0.226c-0.135a
PA Tr0.0240.120a0.133a-0.030-0.172b-0.058
PA RL-0.154b0.0830.068-0.182b-0.406c-0.043
PA LL-0.151b0.0690.052-0.187b-0.388c-0.086
Table 5 Variation of phase angle in the pre- and postoperative period of bariatric surgery, n = 169
Variables
Pre
Post
P value
mean ± SD
mean ± SD
PA full body5.92 ± 0.554.98 ± 0.55< 0.001
PA RA5.58 ± 0.604.73 ± 0.59< 0.001
PA LA5.42 ± 0.634.54 ± 0.57< 0.001
PA Tr7.87 ± 1.156.76 ± 1.29< 0.001
PA RL6.25 ± 0.665.19 ± 0.65< 0.001
PA LL6.18 ± 0.705.14 ± 0.66< 0.001
Table 6 Association of body mass index with phase angle through Pearson correlation, n = 169
Variables
BMI
r
P value
PA full body-0.1210.018
PA RA0.0310.551
PA LA0.0570.265
PA Tr0.0540.298
PA RL-0.262< 0.001
PA LL-0.262< 0.001
Table 7 Degrees and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease before and after bariatric surgery, n = 33
Variables
Pre
Post
P value
n (%)
n (%)
NAFLD0.031
Yes33 (100)27 (81.8)
No0 (0.0)6 (18.2)
Hepatic steatosis< 0.001
Absent0 (0.0)6 (18.2)
Discreet14 (42.4)24 (72.7)
Moderate8 (24.2)3 (9.1)
Accented8 (24.2)0 (0.0)
Massive3 (9.1)0 (0.0)
Ballooning< 0.001
Absent5 (15.2)29 (87.9)
Discreet23 (69.7)4 (12.1)
Moderate3 (9.1)0 (0.0)
Accented2 (6.1)0 (0.0)
Lobular inflammation0.003
Absent21 (63.6)30 (90.9)
Discreet7 (21.2)3 (9.1)
Moderate3 (9.1)0 (0.0)
Accented2 (6.1)0 (0.0)
NASH< 0.001
Absent6 (18.2)25 (75.8)
Grade 120 (60.6)5 (15.2)
Grade 24 (12.1)3 (9.1)
Grade 33 (9.1)0 (0.0)
Fibrosis0.033
Absent26 (78.8)27 (81.8)
Grade 13 (9.1)4 (12.1)
Grade 20 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Grade 34 (12.1)2 (6.1)
Table 8 Phase angle and body composition in patients who underwent liver biopsy after bariatric surgery, n = 33
Variables
Pre
Post
P value
mean ± SD
mean ± SD
BMI in kg/m²45.2 ± 6.931.8 ± 5.4< 0.001
SMM in kg31.9 ± 6.827.1 ± 5.3< 0.001
BCM in kg37.0 ± 7.832.1 ± 5.9< 0.001
Fat mass in kg60.7 ± 13.333.6 ± 11.1< 0.001
% Fat51.6 ± 3.539.8 ± 8.2< 0.001
Visceral fat area in cm²249.3 ± 23.1162.5 ± 52.3< 0.001
PA full body °5.93 ± 0.654.91 ± 0.60< 0.001
PA RA °5.55 ± 0.774.61 ± 0.64< 0.001
PA LA °5.44 ± 0.864.44 ± 0.58< 0.001
PA Tr °7.84 ± 1.246.73 ± 1.03< 0.001
PA RL °6.42 ± 0.725.18 ± 0.68< 0.001
PA LL °6.38 ± 0.745.19 ± 0.66< 0.001