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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2018; 10(3): 371-378
Published online Mar 27, 2018. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i3.371
Table 1 Principal metabolic changes in advanced liver diseases
ConditionLipidsBile acidsCarbo-hydratesEnergy and oxidative stressProteins and Aminoacids
ACLD↓ HDL cholesterol↑ Glucose↓ OH-butyrate↑ Phe
↓ Choline↑ Glycerol↓ Aceto-acetate↓ Gli, Ala
↓ Phosphatidylcholine↑ Lactate↓ Branched AA
↓ Lipid moieties↑ Pyruvate↑ Leu, Iso-Leu, Val, Glu
↑ Citrate↑ Methionine
ACLF↓ HDL cholesterol↑ Lactate↑ Aromatic AA
↑ Pyruvate
ALD↓ Lyso-phosphatidilcholine↑ Sulphated bile acids↑ Fumarate, succinate,↑ Indole 3-acetic acid (u)↓ Val, Iso-Leu
↑ Eico/doco -sapentaenoatemalate, citrate↑ Betaine
↑ Tetra/hexa/octa -decanedioate↑ Xylonate↑ Citruline
HCC↓ Lysophosphatidilcholine↓ (Lito)cholic, (cheno)deoxy-cholic acids↑ Glucose, glycerol↓ OH-butyrate↓ BCAAs: Leu, Iso-Leu and Val
↑ Oleamide↓ Xantine
↑ Stearoyl-coa desaturase↓ GCA, GDCA, GCDCA, TCA, TCDCA↑ Canavanino succinate↑ AAAs: Phe, Trp, Tyr, His
↓ 3-Hydroxybutyrate
↓ Choline↑ Methionine, hydroxy-methyldeoxyuridine, dimethyl-guanosine, uric acid
↑ Methylhistidine