Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases I: Diagnostic markers

doi:10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.433

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World Journal of Hepatology

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Clinical and Translational Research

World J Hepatol. Apr 27, 2021; 13(4): 433-455
Published online Apr 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.433

Table 8 Bile acids concentrations and indices in controls and patients with specific liver disease subtype¹

BA (µmol/L) or BA indices	Controls		Hepatitis C		Hepatitis B		Laennec cirrhosis		Primary biliary cholangitis		Primary sclerosing cholangitis		Autoimmune Hepatitis		α-1 antitrypsin deficiency		NASH		Carcinoma		Cryptogenic cirrhosis		Elevated LFT
	n = 103		n = 71		n = 15		n = 117		n = 12		n = 17		n = 27		n = 6		n = 56		n = 26		n = 11		n = 22
	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE	mean	SE
Total BA	9.30	0.33	53.3^a	9.96	13.7^a	5.23	62.0^a	9.44	237^a	69.8	124^a	27.4	71.9^a	15.2	25.4^a	6.79	29.8^a	4.31	90.9^a	26.7	56.0^a	16.3	106^a	69.3
Total CDCA	2.52	0.13	27.0^a	4.89	6.76^a	4.16	30.0^a	4.25	28.6^a	9.99	39.4^a	10.7	29.2^a	8.46	9.14^a	3.12	13.6^a	2.33	31.9^a	8.76	27.7^a	7.39	31.3^a	18.8
Total CA	0.44	0.03	3.05^a	0.54	1.16^a	0.70	4.00^a	1.02	5.07^a	2.27	6.47^a	2.25	1.96^a	0.39	2.44^a	0.85	1.65^a	0.23	3.54^a	1.11	2.70^a	0.59	5.55^a	3.09
% DCA	31.1	0.68	16.2^a	1.27	19.9^a	3.26	13.1^a	0.95	7.99^a	2.22	9.01^a	1.86	15.6^a	1.43	18.9	4.23	15.7^a	1.22	14.9^a	1.43	7.93^a	2.68	17.4^a	3.07
% HDCA	0.07	0.01	0.02^a	0.00	0.06	0.02	0.02^a	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.03	1.21	0.05	0.01	0.06	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04
% MDCA	0.64	0.04	0.19^a	0.04	0.38	0.08	0.16^a	0.03	0.15^a	0.07	0.18^a	0.06	0.22^a	0.05	0.38	0.16	0.49	0.21	0.16^a	0.05	0.07^a	0.01	1.34	0.98
Total G-amidated	7.59	0.29	44.8^a	9.11	11.6^a	4.52	50.8^a	8.26	210^a	60.4	106^a	24.0	61.8^a	13.5	16.3^a	4.58	26.0^a	4.01	78.1^a	24.5	49.2^a	14.9	86.8^a	58.2
Total unsulfated	0.94	0.05	7.69^a	1.43	1.62^a	0.38	7.94^a	1.21	17.6^a	8.66	6.21^a	1.13	6.06^a	1.44	3.82^a	1.21	4.64^a	0.65	13.0^a	3.16	3.58^a	0.58	13.0^a	9.22
Total sulfated	8.35	0.31	45.6^a	8.73	12.1^a	4.96	54.1^a	8.59	219^a	62.0	117^a	26.5	65.9^a	14.7	21.6^a	6.11	25.2^a	4.04	77.9^a	24.2	52.4^a	16.0	92.9^a	60.2
Total di-OH	7.30	0.29	41.0^a	7.98	10.6^a	4.41	49.05^a	7.97	214^a	62.50	111^a	25.9	60.9^a	13.7	15.9^a	4.72	23.2^a	3.87	71.9^a	23.0	50.3^a	16.0	91.0^a	61.0
Total tri-OH	0.82	0.04	8.61^a	1.63	1.82^a	0.80	8.59^a	1.54	12.48^a	6.02	9.28^a	2.44	4.83^a	0.76	5.24^a	1.83	4.27^a	0.66	13.8^a	3.62	3.92^a	0.65	10.8^a	6.50
Total non-12α-OH	5.67	0.20	41.8^a	7.46	10.3^a	4.52	50.8^a	7.85	224^a	66.9	113^a	26.5	62.3^a	14.2	19.4^a	5.59	23.8^a	3.74	75.7^a	22.1	51.1^a	16.1	94.7^a	66.1
12α-OH/non12α-OH	0.65	0.02	0.37^a	0.05	0.51	0.08	0.31^a	0.02	0.15^a	0.05	0.29^a	0.05	0.33^a	0.04	0.40	0.07	0.34^a	0.02	0.28^a	0.03	0.22^a	0.05	0.37^a	0.06
% 12α-OH	36.7	0.62	22.8^a	1.28	31.1	2.9	21.3^a	1.0	10.8^a	2.69%	18.8^a	2.6	22^a	1.69	27.1	3.18	23.5^a	1.14	20.6^a	1.55	16.2^a	2.88	24.8^a	2.8
% non-12α-OH	63.3	0.62	77.2^a	1.28	68.9	2.9	78.7^a	1.0	89.2^a	2.69	81.2^a	2.6	78.0^a	1.69	72.9	3.18	76.5^a	1.14	79.4^a	155	83.8^a	2.88	75.2^a	2.8
Total primary	3.34	0.15	35.6^a	6.23	8.58^a	4.93	38.6^a	5.47	41.1^a	15.6	48.6^a	12.6	34.1^a	8.91	14.4^a	4.33	17.9^a	2.70	45.7^a	12.1	31.6^a	7.89	42.1^a	23.9
Primary/secondary	0.69	0.03	3.70^a	0.55	1.52^a	0.59	4.33^a	0.60	0.30	0.10	2.88^a	0.68	2.09^a	0.60	1.26	0.26	2.28^a	0.30	2.32^a	0.40	6.43^a	2.09	1.70^a	0.43
% Primary	36.7	0.70	60.2^a	1.99	47.0^a	3.93	60.9^a	1.7	18.0^a	2.97	51.6^a	5.09	50.1^a	2.77	50.3	5.43	52.8^a	2.21	56.1^a	3.25	68.2^a	5.80	49.3^a	4.6
% Secondary	63.3	0.70	39.8^a	1.99	53.0^a	3.93	39.1^a	1.7	82.0^a	2.97	48.4^a	5.09	49.9^a	2.77	49.7	5.43	47.2^a	2.21	43.9^a	3.25	31.8^a	5.80	50.7^a	4.6

¹Bile acids with receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-areas under the ROC curve > 0.7 were included in this table.

^aSignificant difference between each specific liver disease subtype vs controls (P < 0.05).

BA: Bile acids; G: Glycine; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; CA: Cholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid; HDCA: Hyodeoxycholic acid; MDCA: Murideoxycholic acid.

Citation: Alamoudi JA, Li W, Gautam N, Olivera M, Meza J, Mukherjee S, Alnouti Y. Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases I: Diagnostic markers. World J Hepatol 2021; 13(4): 433-455
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v13/i4/433.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.433