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Marin RC, Tit DM, Bungău G, Moleriu RD. The Impact of Hepatitis B and/or C on Liver Function and on the Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients: A Romanian Cohort Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:688. [PMID: 40430507 PMCID: PMC12114873 DOI: 10.3390/ph18050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2025] [Revised: 04/29/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus coinfections remain major contributors to liver-related morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV and/or HCV coinfections in a Romanian HIV cohort and to evaluate their impact on immunological, virological, and liver function parameters under antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 462 HIV-infected patients (2018-2021) from the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, stratified into four groups: HIV mono-infection (n = 176), HIV/HBV (n = 114), HIV/HCV (n = 97), and HIV/HBV/HCV (n = 75) coinfections. Immunological (CD4 count, CD8 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio), virological (HIV-1 RNA), and hepatic parameters (ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, amylase, and lipase) were compared. Results: No significant differences were observed between groups regarding the immune recovery (mean CD4 count p = 0.89, HIV-RNA suppression p = 0.78). However, liver and pancreatic parameters showed statistically significant deterioration in the coinfected groups. ALT (p < 0.001), GGT (p = 0.009), total bilirubin (p = 0.011), amylase (p = 0.010), and lipase (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the triple-infection (HIV/HBV/HCV) group compared to HIV mono-infected patients. Coinfection was also associated with a longer duration of illness (p = 0.002) and therapy (p = 0.021) and with a higher number of ART regimens used (p = 0.013). Conclusions: While HIV suppression and immune recovery were not significantly impaired by HBV/HCV coinfections, liver and pancreatic injuries were significantly more prevalent and severe in coinfected patients. Regular monitoring of hepatic function and integrated management strategies are recommended to minimize liver-related complications in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra-Cristina Marin
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bungău
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Radu Dumitru Moleriu
- Department III, Functional Science, Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Okoli A, Ogbuagu O. Drug interactions in people with HIV treated with antivirals for other viral illnesses. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2025; 21:383-397. [PMID: 39836520 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2025.2455401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Background: People with HIV (PWH) have benefited tremendously from effective antiretroviral(ARV) treatments. However, PWH are at increased risk for other viral infections transmitted in the same way as HIV (such as hepatitis C and MPox) or that are opportunistic (e.g. cytomegalovirus). These coinfections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality among PWH and require effective treatments to optimize patient outcomes. However, their management is complicated by drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with ARVs. AREAS COVERED Metabolism pathways and DDIs between approved ARVs and selected antiviral agents used for the treatment of common and clinically relevant viral coinfections are discussed. Literature review included search of published papers, conference abstracts (IAS, CROI, IDWeek, EACS, Glasgow) as well as unpublished data from approved drug prescribing information and regulatory submissions sourced from PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar available between June 30 1981 through June 1, 2024. EXPERT OPINION Management of drug interactions is essential for maintaining efficacy and safety of ARV and other co-administered antiviral therapies. Longer acting agents are now available for treatment of HIV and this lengthens the period during which drug interactions may occur. Emerging novel nanoparticle-carrier targeted hepatitis C and HIV treatments may mitigate, if not eliminate, their propensity for drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaora Okoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Onyema Ogbuagu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
- Yale AIDS Program, New Haven, CT, USA
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Zarębska-Michaluk D, Rzymski P, Kanecki K, Tyszko P, Lewtak K, Goryński P, Genowska A, Parczewski M, Flisiak R. Hospitalizations and deaths among people coinfected with HIV and HCV. Sci Rep 2024; 14:28586. [PMID: 39562714 PMCID: PMC11576907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant public health challenge. This retrospective, population-based study assessed the trends in hospitalization rates among patients co-infected with HCV and HIV in Poland in 2012-2022, encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic and massive influx of war refugees from Ukraine, the demographics and clinical characteristics among hospitalized patients, including in-hospital case fatality rates. Most hospitalized patients were over 40 years old (mean ± SD: 41.7 ± 8.9 years) and were men (74%). The mean annual hospitalization rate was estimated at 1.33 per 105 and was three-fold lower in the pandemic period (mean 0.51 per 105) than in the pre-pandemic era (mean 1.63 per 105). In turn, the in-hospital case-fatality rates increased during the pandemic in men (from a mean of 1.83 to 3.93) but not in women (a mean of 1.53 in both periods). There was no significant increase in hospitalization rates in 2022, during which the significant inflow of war refugees in Ukraine occurred. The epidemiological situation of people (co)infected with HIV and HCV in Poland requires further monitoring, though it did not escalate in the studied period due to the influx of war refugees from Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Tyszko
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewtak
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Goryński
- National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Genowska
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miłosz Parczewski
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Guo Q, Zhu X, Beeraka NM, Zhao R, Li S, Li F, Mahesh PA, Nikolenko VN, Fan R, Liu J. Projected epidemiological trends and burden of liver cancer by 2040 based on GBD, CI5plus, and WHO data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:28131. [PMID: 39548154 PMCID: PMC11568312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Incidence of liver cancer as one of the most common cancers worldwide and become the significant contributor for the mortality among cancer patients. The disease burden, risk factors, and trends in incidence and mortality of liver cancer globally was described subsequently estimated the projections of liver cancer incidence or mortality by 2040. Data regarding age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for liver cancer was obtained from multiple databases, including GLOBOCAN 2020, CI5 volumes I-XI, WHO mortality database, and Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-2019. Concentrating on worldwide variations, this thorough analysis offers insights into patterns of incidence and mortality based on gender and age. Our findings encompass significant indicators, including age-standardized rates (ASRs), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and future projections extending up to the year 2040. Liver cancer holds the sixth position in terms of most frequently diagnosed cancers and stands as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020, accounting for 905,677 new cases and 782,000 fatalities. Additionally, liver cancer contributed to 12,528,421 age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), with an age-standardized DALYs rate of 161.92 in 2019 worldwide. The age-specific incidence rates exhibited significant variations across different regions, showing a fivefold difference in males and females. A significant increase in incidence was observed in North Europe and Asia, while North African countries reported a higher mortality burden (ASR, 10 per 100,000) compared to developed countries. Since last few years, the incidence and mortality rates have increased and attained Annual Average Percentage Change (AAPC) incidence rate of 7.7 (95% CI 3.9-11.6) for men and the highest AAPC mortality rate of 12.2 (95% CI 9.5-15.0) for women. In 2019, Western Europe emerged as the high-risk region for DALYs related to smoking and alcohol consumption, while high-income North America carried a high risk for DALYs associated with a high body-mass index. The projected trend indicates a surge in new liver cancer incident cases, expected to rise from around 905,347 to an estimated 1,392,474 by 2040. This study described the evidence pertinent to higher incidence trends in liver cancer, particularly among both young and older adults, encompassing males and females, as well as those who are HIV-infected and HBsAg positive. A significant rise in the young population poses a significant public health concern that warrants attention from healthcare professionals to prioritize the promotion of health awareness and the development of effective cancer prevention strategies, particularly in many developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India.
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-168, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India.
| | - Ruiwen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Padukudru Anand Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Kukar N, Handa A, Syal N, Garg P, Gopalpuri NS, Kaur H. Trends of coinfections among healthy blood donors: COVID-19 pandemic repercussion. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:4394-4398. [PMID: 39629426 PMCID: PMC11610891 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_120_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity throughout the world in the last two decades. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has escalated the disease burden further by increasing the number of intravenous (IV) drug abusers and unemployment. Aim The present study was done to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on seroprevalence as well as trends during pre, post and pandemic years of coinfection and mono-infections in the Malwa region of Punjab. Setting and Design This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the department of immunohematology and blood transfusion at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods The data on transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) was collected for a period of four years from 2019 to 2022, that is, pre, post and during the pandemic period. All the blood samples were screened for viral markers, HIV I and II, HCV, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Malarial antigen and syphilis infection testing was done using a rapid diagnostic card test. The total number of sero-reactive cases and their distribution were noted. Results A total of 58,953 donors were screened and included during the study period. Each blood donor was identified by a donor registration number. The overall TTI seroprevalence in blood donors was 2.83% (n = 1670). The seroprevalence of TTIs in blood donors showed an increasing trend for HIV, HCV, and HBsAg in 2019-2021, whereas there was a decrease in reactivity status in the 2022 (back to pre-pandemic year). There was a significant increase in the coinfection rate from 0.1% to 0.25%. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic impact on the coinfection rate of TTI was significant. To curb these TTIs and coinfections, education and public awareness are the key factors. India is a developing country, so transfusion medicine specialists need to work day and night to practice safe blood services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Kukar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Handa
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Syal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Parul Garg
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Navreet S. Gopalpuri
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Abdelhamed W, El-Kassas M. Hepatitis B virus in Egypt: the whole story. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2024; 14:56. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-024-00362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health threat with variable geographical distribution. Chronic infection with HBV could be complicated by chronic hepatitis state, progression to liver cirrhosis, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For years, the magnitude of HBV problem in Egypt was masked by the great prevalence of hepatitis C virus in the country. The exact epidemiological data regarding HBV in Egypt are defective. The prevalence rate of HBV in Egypt has declined after the universal immunization program introduced for infants in 1992. This review addresses the whole story of HBV in Egypt: the epidemiology, risk factors, vaccination programs, and treatment efforts.
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Basimane Bisimwa P, Koyaweda GW, Bihehe Masemo D, Ayagirwe RBB, Birindwa AB, Bisimwa PN, Kikuni Besulani G, Kashosi TM, Mugisho Matabishi C, Mitima Misuka B, Mukonkole JPM, Bisimwa Nachega J, Mukwege Mukengere D, Komas NPJ. High prevalence of hepatitis B and HIV among women survivors of sexual violence in South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292473. [PMID: 38959256 PMCID: PMC11221749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited data are available on the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women survivors of sexual violence (WSSV) in South Kivu province, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where armed conflicts persist. Here, we aimed to assess the prevalence of these two infections in this vulnerable local population. METHODS A total of 1002 WSSV, aged from 18 to 70 years old were enrolled from May 2018 to May 2020 at three healthcare facilities (Panzi, Mulamba and Bulenga hospitals), which are called "The One-Stop Centre Care Model" for the management of sexual violence in South Kivu. Blood samples were collected and tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Subsequently, viral load quantification for HBV and HIV were performed using the GeneXpert. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with HIV-positive and HBV-positive status. RESULTS For HBV, overall prevalence was 8.9% (95% CI; 7.2-10.8%), 32.1% (95% CI; 29.3-35.0%), and 14.5% (95% CI; 12.3-16.8%) for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies, respectively. Among the 89 HBsAg-positive patients, 17 (19.1%) were HBeAg-positive. The median age of individuals with a positive HBsAg test was higher than those with a negative test (median: 40 years (IQR 30-52) compared to 36 years (IQR 24-48)). Risk factors for HBV infection were age (≥35 years) (AOR = 1.83 [1.02-3.32]; p = 0.041), having no schooling (AOR = 4.14 [1.35-12.62]; p = 0.012) or only primary school-level (AOR = 4.88 [1.61-14.75]; p = 0.005), and multiple aggressors (AOR = 1.76 [1.09-2.84], p = 0.019). The prevalence of HIV was 4.3% [95% CI: 3.1-5.7%]. HIV/HBV co-infection occurred only in 5 individuals (0.5%). The HBV viral load was detectable (> 1 log10 UI/mL) in 61.8% of HBsAg-positive subjects and 64.8% HIV-positive subjects had a high viral load (≥ 3 log10 copies/mL). CONCLUSION This study revealed a high prevalence of HBV and HIV infections among WSSV in South Kivu. The results generated highlight the urgent need for systematic screening of HBV and HIV by integrating fourth-generation ELISA tests in HIV and HBV control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvine Basimane Bisimwa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- International Center Advanced for Research and Training (ICART)/Panzi Fondation, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Dieudonné Bihehe Masemo
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Ahadi Bwihangane Birindwa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patrick Ntagereka Bisimwa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Georges Kikuni Besulani
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Théophile Mitima Kashosi
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Bienfait Mitima Misuka
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Paulin Mbo Mukonkole
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Bisimwa Nachega
- Departments of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Denis Mukwege Mukengere
- Faculty of Medecine, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Panzi General Referral Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Breitschwerdt S, Boesecke C. [HIV and hepatitis B and hepatitis C coinfection: Treatment and practical experiences]. MMW Fortschr Med 2024; 166:38-43. [PMID: 38980616 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-024-3937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Breitschwerdt
- nfektionsambulanz/HIV, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Boesecke
- Infektiologie, Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Gebäude 26, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
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Yang NY, Hsieh AYY, Chen Z, Campbell AR, Gadawska I, Kakkar F, Sauve L, Bitnun A, Brophy J, Murray MCM, Pick N, Krajden M, Côté HCF, CIHR Team on Cellular Aging and HIV Comorbidities in Women and Children (CARMA). Chronic and Latent Viral Infections and Leukocyte Telomere Length across the Lifespan of Female and Male Individuals Living with or without HIV. Viruses 2024; 16:755. [PMID: 38793637 PMCID: PMC11125719 DOI: 10.3390/v16050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic/latent viral infections may accelerate immunological aging, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWH). We characterized chronic/latent virus infections across their lifespan and investigated their associations with leukocyte telomere length (LTL). METHODS Participants enrolled in the CARMA cohort study were randomly selected to include n = 15 for each decade of age between 0 and >60 y, for each sex, and each HIV status. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and HSV-2 infection were determined serologically; HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis B (HBV) were self-reported. LTLs were measured using monochrome multiplex qPCR. Associations between the number of viruses, LTL, and sociodemographic factors were assessed using ordinal logistic and linear regression modeling. RESULTS The study included 187 PLWH (105 female/82 male) and 190 HIV-negative participants (105 female/84 male), ranging in age from 0.7 to 76.1 years. Living with HIV, being older, and being female were associated with harbouring a greater number of chronic/latent non-HIV viruses. Having more infections was in turn bivariately associated with a shorter LTL. In multivariable analyses, older age, living with HIV, and the female sex remained independently associated with having more infections, while having 3-4 viruses (vs. 0-2) was associated with a shorter LTL. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that persistent viral infections are more prevalent in PLWH and females, and that these may contribute to immunological aging. Whether this is associated with comorbidities later in life remains an important question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; (N.Y.Y.); (A.Y.Y.H.); (M.K.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anthony Y. Y. Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; (N.Y.Y.); (A.Y.Y.H.); (M.K.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Amber R. Campbell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; (N.Y.Y.); (A.Y.Y.H.); (M.K.)
- Women’s Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada; (L.S.); (M.C.M.M.)
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C9, Canada
| | - Izabella Gadawska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; (N.Y.Y.); (A.Y.Y.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Fatima Kakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Laura Sauve
- Women’s Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada; (L.S.); (M.C.M.M.)
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Ari Bitnun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Jason Brophy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
| | - Melanie C. M. Murray
- Women’s Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada; (L.S.); (M.C.M.M.)
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Neora Pick
- Women’s Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada; (L.S.); (M.C.M.M.)
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; (N.Y.Y.); (A.Y.Y.H.); (M.K.)
- British Columbia Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Hélène C. F. Côté
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada; (N.Y.Y.); (A.Y.Y.H.); (M.K.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada; (L.S.); (M.C.M.M.)
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10
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McGee-Avila JK, Argirion I, Engels EA, O’Brien TR, Horner MJ, Qiao B, Monterosso A, Luo Q, Shiels MS. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with HIV in the United States, 2001-2019. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:61-68. [PMID: 37610358 PMCID: PMC10777672 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV have higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than the general population, partly because of higher prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS We calculated standardized incidence ratios for hepatocellular carcinoma in people with HIV by comparing rates from people with HIV in the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, a population-based HIV and cancer registry linkage, to those in the general population. We used multivariable Poisson regression to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios among people with HIV and linked the Texas HIV registry with medical claims data to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of HBV and HCV in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with the general population, hepatocellular carcinoma rates in people with HIV were elevated 2.79-fold (n = 1736; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.66 to 2.92). Hepatocellular carcinoma rates decreased statistically significantly from 2001-2004 to 2015-2019 (P < .001). Compared with men who have sex with men, hepatocellular carcinoma risk was elevated 4.28-fold among men who injected drugs (95% CI = 3.72 to 4.93) and 1.83-fold among women who injected drugs (95% CI = 1.49 to 2.26). In Texas, 146 hepatocellular carcinoma cases among people with HIV were linked to claims data: 25% HBV positive, 59% HCV positive, and 13% coinfected with HBV and HCV. Compared with men who had sex with men, people who inject drugs had 82% decreased odds of HBV (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.63) and 2 times the odds of HCV (AOR = 20.4, 95% CI = 3.32 to 125.3). CONCLUSIONS During 2001-2019, hepatocellular carcinoma risk declined among people with HIV, though rates remain statistically significantly elevated compared with the general population, particularly among people who inject drugs. Prevention and treatment of HBV/HCV are needed to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma risk among people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K McGee-Avila
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Argirion
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eric A Engels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R O’Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marie-Josèphe Horner
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Baozhen Qiao
- Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Analise Monterosso
- HIV/STD/HCV Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Qianlai Luo
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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11
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Delgado-Maldonado T, Moreno-Herrera A, Rivera G. Advances in the Development of Non-Structural Protein 1 (NsP1) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chikungunya Virus Infection. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1972-1982. [PMID: 38910486 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575301735240607055839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya is a re-emerging viral infection of worldwide concern, and new antiviral therapeutics are necessary to combat this disease. Inhibitors of the non-structural protein 1 (NsP1), which shows Methyltransferase (MTase) activity and plays a crucial in the Chikungunya virus (ChikV) replication, are exhibiting promising results. This review aimed to describe recent advances in the development of NsP1 inhibitors for the treatment of Chikungunya disease. High-throughput screening of novel ChikV NsP1 inhibitors has been widely performed for the identification of new molecule hits through fluorescence polarization, Western blotting, ELISA-based assay, and capillary electrophoresis assays. Additionally, cell-based assays confirmed that the inhibition of ChikV NsP1 abolishes viral replication. In summary, pyrimidine and pyrimidin-7(6H)-one derivatives, GTP and nucleoside analogs have been demonstrated to show inhibitory activity and are considered promising scaffolds that provide useful knowledge for the research and development of new NsP1 inhibitors as potential treatment of Chikungunya re-emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Dept. of Biotechnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
| | - Antonio Moreno-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Dept. of Biotechnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Dept. of Biotechnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
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12
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Biały M, Czarnecki M, Inglot M. Impact of Combination Antiretroviral Treatment on Liver Metabolic Health in HIV-Infected Persons. Viruses 2023; 15:2432. [PMID: 38140673 PMCID: PMC10747352 DOI: 10.3390/v15122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, there has been a considerable improvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is no longer a common cause of death for people living with HIV (PLWH) in developed countries, and co-infections with hepatitis viruses can be effectively managed. However, metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are emerging threats these days, especially as the HIV-positive population gets older. The factors for MASLD development in PLWH are numerous, including non-specific (common for both HIV-positive and negative) and virus-specific. We focus on what is known for both, and in particular, on the burden of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for metabolic health and liver damage. We review data on contemporary drugs, including different groups and some particular agents in those groups. Among current ART regimens, the switch from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and particularly its combination with integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) appear to have the most significant impact on metabolic disturbances by increasing insulin resistance, which over the years promotes the evolution of the cascade leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS), MASLD, and eventually metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Biały
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Wrocław Medical University, 51-149 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (M.I.)
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13
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Ferrante ND, Kallan MJ, Sukkestad S, Kodani M, Kitahata MM, Cachay ER, Bhattacharya D, Heath S, Napravnik S, Moore RD, Yendewa G, Mayer KH, Reddy KR, Hayden T, Kamili S, Martin JN, Kim HN, Lo Re V. Prevalence and determinants of hepatitis delta virus infection among HIV/hepatitis B-coinfected adults in care in the United States. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:879-888. [PMID: 37488783 PMCID: PMC10592429 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection increases the risk of liver complications compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) alone, particularly among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, no studies have evaluated the prevalence or determinants of HDV infection among people with HIV/HBV in the US. We performed a cross-sectional study among adults with HIV/HBV coinfection receiving care at eight sites within the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) between 1996 and 2019. Among patients with available serum/plasma specimens, we selected the first specimen on or after their initial HBV qualifying test. All samples were tested for HDV IgG antibody and HDV RNA. Multivariable log-binomial generalized linear models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of HDV IgG antibody-positivity associated with determinants of interest (age, injection drug use [IDU], high-risk sexual behaviour). Among 597 adults with HIV/HBV coinfection in CNICS and available serum/plasma samples (median age, 43 years; 89.9% male; 52.8% Black; 42.4% White), 24/597 (4.0%; 95% CI, 2.4%-5.6%) were HDV IgG antibody-positive, and 10/596 (1.7%; 95% CI, 0.6%-2.7%) had detectable HDV RNA. In multivariable analysis, IDU was associated with exposure to HDV infection (adjusted PR = 2.50; 95% CI, 1.09-5.74). In conclusion, among a sample of adults with HIV/HBV coinfection in care in the US, 4.0% were HDV IgG antibody-positive, among whom 41.7% had detectable HDV RNA. History of IDU was associated with exposure to HDV infection. These findings emphasize the importance of HDV testing among persons with HIV/HBV coinfection, especially those with a history of IDU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Ferrante
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J. Kallan
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sophia Sukkestad
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maja Kodani
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mari M. Kitahata
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Edward R. Cachay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sonya Heath
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Richard D. Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - George Yendewa
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - K. Rajender Reddy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tonya Hayden
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - H. Nina Kim
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Vincent Lo Re
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Aldubaie MH, Suryavamshi PM, Irfan UM, Al-Hamed HA, Almogbel TA, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem K. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 17:1722-1736. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.17.3.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are reported with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The frequency of HCV is approximately 3-4 million cases each year and in parallel the incidence of DM is increasing alarmingly. World Health Organization (WHO) has specified that DM will be the 7th leading cause of mortality by 2030. The increasing association between HCV and DM has been indicated by some significant reports recently. HCV infection leads to hepatic steatosis and rapid insulin resistance, which in turn upsurges the risk factors for hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study is designed to examine the association between HCV and DM, and different risk factors associated with HCV infection in Qassim region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A total of 634 blood samples were obtained from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. These blood samples were first screened for HCV infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and positive samples were again confirmed by TaqMan HCV quantitative test and the viral load in different samples was estimated. The HCV prevalence was identified as 2.5% in diabetic patients with a positive association between HCV and DM (RR= 1.24, OR= 1.77) which is not significant statistically. However, the HCV prevalence among diabetic females was significantly different from males (p<0.05). The behavioural factors had no significant impact to acquire HCV infection. This study indicated a positive association between HCV and DM. Gender was an association factor in the HCV and DM status. Further studies with larger sample size is significant to properly assess the temporal relationship between HCV and DM.
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15
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Hasnat M, Baig MMFA, Saleem M, Ullah A, Nadeem MF, Durazzo A, Lucarini M. Editorial: Herbal medicines for gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases - novel pharmacological and toxicological approaches, Volume I. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157229. [PMID: 37484017 PMCID: PMC10362338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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16
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Omidifar N, Bagheri Lankarani K, Aghazadeh Ghadim MB, Khoshdel N, Joulaei H, Keshani P, Saghi SA, Nikmanesh Y. The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A in Patients with Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Middle East J Dig Dis 2023; 15:196-202. [PMID: 38023458 PMCID: PMC10660319 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can have severe manifestations in adult patients with other liver diseases, particularly in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to measure immunity against HAV in HIV-positive individuals to determine the necessity of vaccination against HAV in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 171 HIV-positive patients aged 18 years or older who were tested for serum IgG anti-viral hepatitis A antibody. The prevalence and its determinants were analyzed based on patient data. Results: The average age of the patients was 44.2 years old. The prevalence of HAV antibody positivity was 97.7%. The prevalence was higher in patients older than 30 years. There was a close association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (P=0.002). There were no significant correlations between antibody levels and sex, marital status, employment status, education level, economic status, smoking status, drug use status, and physical activity level. The mean and median CD4+ counts in patients with positive (reactive) antibody (Ab) levels were 458 and 404±294, respectively, while the mean and median CD4+ counts in patients with non-reactive antibody levels were 806 and 737±137, respectively, in those who tested negative for anti-HAV Ab (P=0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of anti-hepatitis A IgG antibodies in people with HIV was very high in Shiraz. There is an increasing trend in the number of older patients and those with HCV infections. The negative association with CD4 was borderline in this study, which needs to be confirmed in larger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mir Behrad Aghazadeh Ghadim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nika Khoshdel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Joulaei
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirreza Saghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Makan N, Song E, Kramvis A. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of undergraduate health sciences students on hepatitis B vaccination at a South African university highlight the need for improvement of policies, implementation and co-ordination. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:39-45. [PMID: 37170608 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i5.16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes nearly 300 million chronic infections globally. Healthcare workers face up to four times the risk of HBV infection through occupational exposure to contaminated blood and bodily fluids. Health sciences students (HSSs) are regarded as at an even greater risk as they embark on their clinical training journey. While chronic hepatitis B is incurable, it can be prevented by the safe and effective hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). The South African National Department of Health recommends at least three doses of vaccine (HepB3) for HSSs before patient contact. However, data on policy implementation at training institutions, vaccine coverage and HBV immunity in HSSs are lacking or limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices of HSSs at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in relation to international guidelines and institutional HepB programmes included in the Wits vaccination policy. Sociodemographic factors predicting HepB uptake were also investigated. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2021. An electronic, self-administered survey was emailed to all current HSSs (N=3 785). The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of and attitudes towards HepB- related international guidelines and Wits policies, and HepB uptake and vaccine practices at Wits. Descriptive statistical analyses, followed by multivariable regression modelling, were used to identify factors associated with HepB uptake. RESULTS A response rate of only 7.1% yielded 269 returned surveys, of which 221 were adequate for analysis. Most respondents were female (69.2%), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 22.5 (3.5) years, and were studying a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MB BCh) degree (76.9%). Only 78% of those students who reported a history of vaccination (89.1% of study sample) reported a completed vaccine series. The only significant predictor, when adjusted for interactions, was being enrolled in MB BCh compared with other courses (odds ratio 4.69; p=0.026). Students displayed higher levels of knowledge around institutional (Wits) vaccine recommendations (94.1%) compared with international recommendations (75.6%). Most students were in favour of mandatory vaccination (91.4%), but not of serological testing following vaccination (42.5%). Half of our students received vaccinations in private facilities, but no follow-up or record was made of this by the designated Wits Campus Health and Wellness Centre. CONCLUSION Institutional HepB policies are suboptimal, with no centralised co-ordination or implementation strategy. Urgent efforts are required to create awareness around policy and management, ensure vaccination coverage in this high-risk group, and foster positive practices with adequate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Makan
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa , African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa .
| | - E Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - A Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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18
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Rodríguez JP, Eguíluz VM. Coupling between infectious diseases leads to synchronization of their dynamics. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:021103. [PMID: 36859206 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between different diseases may change their dynamics. Thus, these interactions represent a source of uncertainty in the modeling of empirical data when the symptoms of both infections are hard to distinguish. We recall previously proposed models of interacting infections, generalizing them to non-symmetric scenarios, showing that both cooperative and competitive interactions lead to synchronization of the maximum fraction of infected individuals in their dynamics. We exemplify this framework with a model coupling the dynamics of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza, simulating cooperation, competition, and asymmetric interactions. We find that the coupling synchronizes both infections, with a stronger influence on the dynamics of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge P Rodríguez
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), CSIC-UIB, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Víctor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC), CSIC-UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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19
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Capozza P, Carrai M, Choi YR, Tu T, Nekouei O, Lanave G, Martella V, Beatty JA, Barrs VR. Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus: Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny in Cats in Hong Kong. Viruses 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 36680190 PMCID: PMC9865086 DOI: 10.3390/v15010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) is an emerging virus related to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The pathogenic potential of DCH in cats remains to be established. The molecular prevalence of DCH varies widely in the regions investigated so far. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, load, and risk factors for DCH detection among cats in Hong Kong, and to generate molecular and epidemiological data on the DCH strains circulating in cats in Hong Kong. DCH DNA was detected using DCH-specific qPCR in 57/513 (11.1%) residual diagnostic blood samples from owned cats. The median viral load was 8.85 × 103 copies/mL of whole blood (range for the 5th to the 95th percentile, 3.33 × 103 to 2.2 × 105 copies per mL). Two outliers had higher viral loads of 1.88 × 107 copies/mL and 4.90 × 109 copies/mL. DCH was detected in cats from 3 months to 19 years of age. Sex, age, neuter status, breed, or elevated serum alanine aminotransferase were not statistically associated with DCH DNA detection. On phylogenetic analysis based on 12 complete genome sequences, the Hong Kong DCH viruses clustered in Genotype A with viruses from Australia and Asia (clade A1), distinct from viruses from Europe (clade A2). Sequence analysis found that DCH has similar epsilon and direct repeat regions to human HBV, suggesting a conserved method of replication. Based on our findings, the DCH strains circulating in Hong Kong are a continuum of the Asiatic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maura Carrai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Ru Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Clinical School and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Omid Nekouei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Polanka BM, Gupta SK, So-Armah KA, Freiberg MS, Zapolski TCB, Hirsh AT, Stewart JC. Examining Depression as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in People with HIV: A Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:1-25. [PMID: 35481701 PMCID: PMC9773373 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) not fully accounted for by traditional or HIV-specific risk factors. Successful management of HIV does not eliminate this excess risk. Thus, there is a need to identify novel risk factors for CVD among people with HIV (PWH). PURPOSE Our objective was to systematically review the literature on one such candidate CVD risk factor in PWH-depression. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL was performed to identify published English-language studies examining associations of depression with clinical CVD, subclinical CVD, and biological mechanisms (immune activation, systemic inflammation, altered coagulation) among PWH between the earliest date and June 22, 2021. RESULTS Thirty-five articles were included. For clinical CVD (k = 8), findings suggests that depression is consistently associated with an increased risk of incident CVD. For subclinical CVD (k = 5), one longitudinal analysis reported a positive association, and four cross-sectional analyses reported null associations. For immune activation (k = 13), systemic inflammation (k = 17), and altered coagulation (k = 5), findings were mixed, and there was considerable heterogeneity in sample characteristics and methodological quality across studies. CONCLUSIONS Depression may be an independent risk factor for CVD among PWH. Additional research is needed to confirm depression's association with clinical CVD and to determine whether depression is consistently and meaningfully associated with subclinical CVD and biological mechanisms of CVD in HIV. We propose a research agenda for this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanny M Polanka
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samir K Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kaku A So-Armah
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Freiberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tamika C B Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bar N, Bensoussan N, Rabinowich L, Levi S, Houri I, Ben-Ami Shor D, Shibolet O, Mor O, Weitzman E, Turner D, Katchman H. Barriers and Facilitators of Hepatitis C Care in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15237. [PMID: 36429957 PMCID: PMC9690547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are often co-transmitted. Viral coinfection results in worse outcomes. Persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) face barriers to medical treatment, but HCV treatment is indicated and effective even with ongoing active drug use. We aimed to assess access to HCV care and treatment results in patients coinfected with HIV-HCV. This is a real-world retrospective single-center study of patients followed in the HIV clinic between 2002 and 2018. Linkage to care was defined as achieving care cascade steps: (1) hepatology clinic visit, (2) receiving prescription of anti-HCV treatment, and (3) documentation of sustained virologic response (SVR). Of 1660 patients with HIV, 254 with HIV-HCV coinfection were included. Only 39% of them achieved SVR. The rate limiting step was the engagement into hepatology care. Being a PWID was associated with ~50% reduced odds of achieving study outcomes, active drug use was associated with ~90% reduced odds. Older age was found to facilitate treatment success. Once treated, the rate of SVR was high in all populations. HCV is undertreated in coinfected young PWIDs. Further efforts should be directed to improve access to care in this marginalized population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Bar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Noa Bensoussan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Liane Rabinowich
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Sharon Levi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Inbal Houri
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Dana Ben-Ami Shor
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Orna Mor
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of public health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
| | - Ella Weitzman
- Center for Liver Disease, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Dan Turner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
- Crusaid Kobler AIDS Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Helena Katchman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6195001, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
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Hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus knowledge among the general greek population: results from the Hprolipsis nationwide survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2026. [PMCID: PMC9637311 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although several studies on hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been conducted in Greece, little is known on the knowledge level of the Greek population towards these three infections. Our aim was to assess the knowledge level of the adult Greek general population about the HBV, HCV and HIV.
Methods
Data were derived from the first general population health survey, Hprolipsis. The sample was selected by multistage stratified random sampling. A standardized questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers during home visits. A knowledge score was constructed based on responses to 17 per infection selected items and categorized in three levels; high (12–17 correct replies) medium (6–11) and low (0–5). Among 8,341 eligible individuals, 6,006 were recruited (response rate: 72%) and 5,878 adults (≥ 18 years) were included in the analysis. The statistical analysis accounted for the study design.
Results
Only 30.4%, 21.6%, and 29.6% of the participants had a high overall knowledge level of HBV, HCV and HIV, respectively. These low percentages were mainly attributed to the high levels of misconception about transmission modes (65.9%, 67.2%, and 67.9%, respectively). Results showed that increasing age and living out of the big metropolitan cities were associated with decreased odds of having higher knowledge. Female gender, higher education level, higher monthly family income, higher medical risk score, history of testing and being born in Greece or Cyprus, were associated with increased odds of having higher knowledge.
Conclusions
There are significant knowledge gaps in the Greek general population regarding modes of transmission, preventive measures and treatment availability for HBV, HCV and HIV. There is an urgent need for large scale but also localized awareness activities targeted to less privileged populations, to fill the gaps in knowledge and increase population engagement in preventive measures.
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Pes F, Onali S, Balestrieri C, Angioni G, Ortu F, Piano P, Lucia B, Scioscia R, Princic E, Bolliri AC, Casale M, Cola A, Conti M, Peddis L, Serra G, Vacca S, Loi M, Urru E, Murru C, Matta L, Del Giacco S, Babudieri S, Maida I, Chessa L. HCV treatment in Sardinian HIV-HCV coinfected patients: a real-life perspective study on safety, efficacy, and immune reconstitution. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1509-1516. [PMID: 36173889 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-HCV co-infected patients have long been considered difficult-to-treat. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) changed this paradigm.We evaluated the efficacy and safety of DAA-based regimens and the impact of DAAs-induced HCV clearance on the immunological status in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS HIV patients starting HCV treatment with DAAs were included. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks after DAAs treatment (SVR12) was assessed. CD4+ and CD8+ blood cell count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were recorded at baseline and six months post DAA treatment. We enrolled 201 patients, 76.1% males, median age 54 years, the most common genotypes 3 (29.8%) and 1a (29.4%), 40.3% with cirrhosis, 32.3% with prior interferon-based treatment. All patients were on antiretroviral treatment, 24.4% on methadone maintenance therapy and 22.6% on psychotropic drugs. RESULTS SVR12 was 98.4%, the most common side effects were pruritus (8.4%), headache (7.4%) and fatigue (5.9%). An increase in CD4+ and CD8+ cell count was observed six months after completion of DAAs treatment, in particular in patients with low CD4+ cell count at baseline. CONCLUSIONS DAAs treatment resulted in high SVR12 rates, was well tolerated and Increased CD4+ and CD8+, especially in patients with low CD4+ cell count at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pes
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Onali
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Balestrieri
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ortu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Piano
- Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barca Lucia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosetta Scioscia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elija Princic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Michele Casale
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cola
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Conti
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenza Peddis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Serra
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Vacca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Loi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Urru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Murru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Matta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Babudieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ivana Maida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Farooqui N, Mir F, Siddiqui D, Hotwani A, Nathwani AA, Mahmood SF, Sadiq K, Kayani HA, Sheikh SA, Shah SA, Ferrand RA, Abidi SH. Phylogenetic and drug- and vaccine-resistance profiles of Hepatitis B Virus among children with HIV co-infection in Pakistan. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105371. [PMID: 36179949 PMCID: PMC9614405 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) share common routes of transmission and therefore co-infection is common. In 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak that resulted in >1000 children being infected, predominantly through nosocomial transmission, occurred in Sindh, Pakistan. We conducted a phylogenetic and drug resistance analysis of the HBV Reverse Transcriptase (RT) gene in children with HIV-1 and HBV co-infection. METHODOLOGY Blood samples were collected from 321 children with HIV who were recruited as part of a study to investigate the HIV-1 outbreak. All samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using an ELISA assay, and positive samples were used to amplify and sequence the HBV RT gene. The phylogenetic relationship between sequences was analyzed, and drug- and vaccine- resistance mutations in the RT gene were explored. RESULTS Of 321 samples, 23% (n = 75) were positive for HBsAg on ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed that 63.5% of HBV sequences were sub-genotype D1, while the rest were sub-genotype D2. Cluster analysis revealed grouping of sub-genotype D1 sequences exclusively with Pakistani sequences, while clustering of sub-genotypes D2 predominantly with global sequences. The 236Y mutation associated with resistance to tenofovir was observed in 2.8% of HBV sequences. Additionally, seven vaccine escape mutations were observed, the most common being 128 V. CONCLUSION Our study suggests ongoing transmission of HBV D1 and D2 sub-genotypes in the HIV-1 co-infected population, likely nosocomially, given common routes of HVB and HIV-1 transmission. The prevalence of major HBV drug- and vaccine-resistant mutations remains low. Surveillance for further transmissions and the possible emergence of major drug- or vaccine-resistant variants is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Farooqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biosciences, The Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Mir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dilsha Siddiqui
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Apsara Ali Nathwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Afzal Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, The Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Rashida Abbas Ferrand
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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Abiodun OE, Adebimpe O, Ndako JA, Oludoun O, Aladeitan B, Adeniyi M. Mathematical modeling of HIV-HCV co-infection model: Impact of parameters on reproduction number. F1000Res 2022; 11:1153. [PMID: 36636470 PMCID: PMC9817180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124555.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both as classified blood-borne viruses since they are transmitted through contact with contaminated blood. Approximately 1.3 million of the 2.75 million global HIV/HCV carriers inject drugs (PWID). HIV co-infection has a harmful effect on the progression of HCV, resulting in greater rates of HCV persistence after acute infection, higher viral levels, and accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. In this study, we developed and investigated a mathematical model for the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS and HCV co-infection, which includes therapy for both diseases, vertical transmission in HIV cases, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, inefficient HIV treatment follow-up, and efficient condom use. Methods: Positivity and boundedness of the model under investigation were established using well-known theorems. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equations to zero. The associative reproduction numbers for mono-infected and dual-infected models were calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. The local and global stabilities of the models were validated using the linearization and comparison theorem and the negative criterion techniques of bendixson and dulac, respectively. Results: The growing prevalence of HIV treatment dropout in each compartment of the HIV model led to a reduction in HIV on treatment compartments while other compartments exhibited an increase in populations . In dually infected patients, treating HCV first reduces co-infection reproduction number R ech , which reduces liver cancer risk. Conclusions: From the model's results, we infer various steps that policymakers could take to reduce the number of mono-infected and co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olukayode Adebimpe
- Mathematics and Statistics, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - James A. Ndako
- Physical Sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, State, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oludoun
- Physical Sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, State, 251101, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Adeniyi
- Mathematics and Statistics, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Abiodun OE, Adebimpe O, Ndako JA, Oludoun O, Aladeitan B, Adeniyi M. Mathematical modeling of HIV-HCV co-infection model: Impact of parameters on reproduction number. F1000Res 2022; 11:1153. [PMID: 36636470 PMCID: PMC9817180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124555.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both classified as blood-borne viruses since they are transmitted through contact with contaminated blood. Approximately 1.3 million of the 2.75 million global HIV/HCV carriers are people who inject drugs (PWID). HIV co-infection has a harmful effect on the progression of HCV, resulting in greater rates of HCV persistence after acute infection, higher viral levels, and accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. In this study, we developed and investigated a mathematical model for the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS and HCV co-infection, which includes therapy for both diseases, vertical transmission in HIV cases, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, inefficient HIV treatment follow-up, and efficient condom use. Methods: Positivity and boundedness of the model under investigation were established using well-known theorems. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equations to zero. The associative reproduction numbers for mono-infected and dual-infected models were calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. The local and global stabilities of the models were validated using the linearization and comparison theorem and the negative criterion techniques of bendixson and dulac, respectively. Results: The growing prevalence of HIV treatment dropout in each compartment of the HIV model led to a reduction in HIV on treatment compartments while other compartments exhibited an increase in populations . In dually infected patients, treating HCV first reduces co-infection reproduction number R ech , which reduces liver cancer risk. Conclusions: From the model's results, we infer various steps (such as: campaigns to warn individuals about the consequences of having multiple sexual partners; distributing more condoms to individuals; continuing treatment for chronic HCV and AIDS) that policymakers could take to reduce the number of mono-infected and co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olukayode Adebimpe
- Mathematics and Statistics, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - James A. Ndako
- Physical Sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, State, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oludoun
- Physical Sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, State, 251101, Nigeria
| | | | - Michael Adeniyi
- Mathematics and Statistics, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Ouedraogo HG, Zida S, Sagna T, Zoure AA, Compaore RT, Soubeiga ST, Ouedraogo O, Kambiré D, Belemsaga/Yugbaré D, Cissé K, Traoré Y, Barro N, Kouanda S. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and its association with HIV, HCV, HBV, HTLV-1&2 and syphilis among men who have sex with men in Burkina Faso. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 42:59-64. [PMID: 36241531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence and its association with HIV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1&2 and syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened MSM sera for HSV-2 antibodies. A total of 329 sera were collected from an HIV and syphilis behavioral and biological cross-sectional survey conducted among MSM in Ouagadougou from January to April 2013. Serum samples were tested using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG antibodies to HSV-2. Also, antibodies to HTLV-1&2, HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were screened by ELISA. Laboratory assays were performed according to manufacturers' instructions at the Biomedical Research Laboratory at the "Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante" (IRSS) in Burkina Faso. RESULTS The seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among MSM was 14.3%(95% CI: 10.6-18.1), with disparities according to age and occupation. HSV-2 seroprevalence was high among MSM who were seropositive for HIV (40% versus 13.9%), for syphilis (42.9% versus 13.3%), for HCV (32.5% versus 11.7%) and for HTLV-1&2 (38.5% versus 12.9%) compared to people seronegative for these pathogens. Multivariate analysis showed that HIV-positive (ORa = 5.34, p = 0.027), anti-HCV-positive (ORa = 4.44, p = 0.001), and HTLV-1&2 positive (aOR = 4.11, p = 0.046) were associated with HSV-2 infection among MSM. However, no significant statistical association between HSV-2 and syphilis was found. CONCLUSION HSV-2 seroprevalence among MSM in Burkina Faso is relatively high. Positive associations between sexual transmitted infections including HIV with HSV-2 suggest that HSV-2 infection's prevention should be strengthened through HIV transmission control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Gautier Ouedraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Sylvie Zida
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tani Sagna
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdou Azaque Zoure
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rebeca T Compaore
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge T Soubeiga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumarou Ouedraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dinanibe Kambiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Danielle Belemsaga/Yugbaré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kadari Cissé
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Yves Traoré
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR-SVT), Universite Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR-SVT), Universite Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Seni Kouanda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Oyelade T, Raya RP, Latief K. HIV infection and the implication for COVID-19 vaccination. PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES 2022; 1:e14. [PMID: 37521727 PMCID: PMC9353425 DOI: 10.1002/puh2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered cellular and humoral immune response, especially in patients with an untreated or chronic infection. This may be due to direct and/or indirect HIV viral activities resulting in T- and B-cells dysfunctions. Although still unclear, various studies have proposed that HIV infection may exacerbate the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Indeed, COVID-19 vaccines were developed in record time and have been shown to reduce the severity of COVID-19 in the general population. These vaccines were also earmarked as a solution to global disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. HIV infection has been reported to reduce the efficacy of various other vaccines including those used against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium tetani, and influenza viruses. However, current guidelines for the administration of available COVID-19 vaccines do not account for the immune-compromised state of people living with HIV (PLWH). We discuss here the potentials, nature, and implications of this HIV-induced dampening of the humoral immune response on COVID-19 vaccines by first reviewing the literature about efficacy of previous vaccines in PLWH, and then assessing the proportion of PLWH included in phase III clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccines currently available. The clinical and public health implications as well as suggestions for governments and non-governmental organizations are also proposed in the context of whether findings on the safety and efficacy of the vaccines could be extended to PLWH. Impacts The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by attenuated humoral immunity that may reduce the efficacy of vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH). Vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 infection remains the main public health answer to the COVID-19 pandemic.Although no significant safety concerns have been raised regarding the COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH, the efficacy of these vaccines in PLWH has not received due attention. Indeed, phase III clinical trials for the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines involved a significantly low number of PLWH.There are major gaps in knowledge on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH and until further research is carried out, PLWH should be prioritized along with other at-risk groups for repeated vaccination and safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tope Oyelade
- Institute for Liver and Digestive HealthDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Reynie Purnama Raya
- Institute for Global HealthFaculty of Population Health SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Faculty of ScienceUniversitas ‘Aisyiyah BandungBandungIndonesia
| | - Kamaluddin Latief
- Global Health and Health Security DepartmentCollege of Public HealthTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Centre for Family WelfareFaculty of Public HealthUniversity of IndonesiaDepokIndonesia
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The Burden of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in Ovarian Cancer Patients in Nairobi, Kenya. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:433-445. [PMID: 35735757 PMCID: PMC9222280 DOI: 10.3390/idr14030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy characterized by high morbidity and mortalities due to late-stage diagnosis because accurate early diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Testing of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in OC patients is pertinent in light of the emerging evidence of their contribution to poor prognosis. We, for the first time, investigated the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in a Kenyan cohort of OC to inform optimal management. We recruited a cohort of women above 18 years of age, comprising 86 OC patients and 50 healthy controls. Participants’ blood samples were serologically screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV. We found seroprevalence rates of 29.1%, 26.7%, and 1.2% for HBV, HIV, and HCV, respectively, in OC patients. The healthy control group had HBV and HIV seroprevalence rates of 3.9% for each with no positive HCV case. HBV/HIV coinfection was noted only in the OC group with a positivity rate of 17.4%. In summary, we found higher HBV and HIV seroprevalence in Kenyan OC patients compared to the healthy control group, whereas HCV prevalence was reflective of the general population. Hence, we recommend screening for HBV and HIV among OC patients destined for anticancer treatment.
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Kenfack-Momo R, Kenmoe S, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Oyono MG, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Mbongue Mikangue CA, Zeuko’o Menkem E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Taya-Fokou JB, Bowo-Ngandji A, Nkie Esemu S, Kamdem Thiomo D, Moundipa Fewou P, Ndip L, Njouom R. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infections among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269250. [PMID: 35639675 PMCID: PMC9154112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to their common routes of transmission, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in Africa, where these viruses are endemic. Few systematic reviews report the epidemiological data of HBV and/or HCV coinfection with HIV in Africa, and none provided data on the case fatality rate (CFR) associated with this coinfection. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and case fatality rate of HBV and/or HCV infections among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Africa. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published articles in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and African Index Medicus up to January 2022. Manual searches of references from retrieved articles and grey literature were also performed. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis, while funnel plots and Egger tests were performed to assess publication bias. RESULTS Of the 4388 articles retrieved from the databases, 314 studies met all the inclusion criteria. The overall HBV case fatality rate estimate was 4.4% (95% CI; 0.7-10.3). The overall seroprevalences of HBV infection, HCV infection, and HBV/HCV coinfection in PLHIV were 10.5% [95% CI = 9.6-11.3], 5.4% [95% CI = 4.6-6.2], and 0.7% [95% CI = 0.3-1.0], respectively. The pooled seroprevalences of current HBsAg, current HBeAg, and acute HBV infection among PLHIV were 10.7% [95% CI = 9.8-11.6], 7.0% [95% CI = 4.7-9.7], and 3.6% [95% CI = 0.0-11.0], respectively. Based on HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA detection, the seroprevalences of HBV and HCV infection in PLHIV were 17.1% [95% CI = 11.5-23.7] and 2.5% [95% CI = 0.9-4.6], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS In Africa, the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses, particularly HBV and HCV, is high in PLHIV, which increases the case fatality rate. African public health programs should emphasize the need to apply and comply with WHO guidelines on viral hepatitis screening and treatment in HIV-coinfected patients. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42021237795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Martin Gael Oyono
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Lucy Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Scavone D, Lauzi S, Stranieri A, Tramontano G, Ratti G, Paltrinieri S. Evaluating the presence of domestic cat hepadnavirus viraemia in cats with biochemical alterations suggestive of liver disease. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e1626. [PMID: 35393638 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) infection and feline chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma has been suggested. However, studies focused on the association between DCH infection and clinicopathological changes consistent with liver disease in cats are not available. METHODS This retrospective investigation included sera obtained from 96 cats that had the serum activity of at least alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase measured during initial diagnostic work-up. Based on these haematobiochemical results, cats were categorised according to their likelihood of having liver disease (absent, low, intermediate or high). DCH DNA was detected using real-time PCR, nested PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Overall, potential liver damage was observed in 44 cats, including cats with low (n = 14), intermediate (n = 10) and high (n = 20) likelihood of liver disease. Four cats (4.2%) were DCH-positive, with three positive cats belonging to the liver disease group (two with low and one with intermediate likelihood of liver disease). CONCLUSIONS Although the pathogenic potential of DCH in cats still has to be clarified, these results suggest that DCH testing should not be based only on the presence of biochemical changes potentially consistent with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Scavone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giada Tramontano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ratti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Kumar RN, Stosor V. Advances in Liver Transplantation for Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2022; 24:39-50. [PMID: 35308580 PMCID: PMC8922075 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-022-00776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Smookler D, Beck A, Head B, Quoquat L, Albany C, Farrell T, Gordon J, Thurston N, You L, Capraru C, McKay M, Kim J, Feld JJ, Shah H. A collaborative approach to hepatitis C testing in two First Nations communities of Northwest Ontario. CANADIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022; 5:329-338. [DOI: 10.3138/canlivj-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Two remote First Nations communities each collaborated with an urban-based liver clinic to organize wide-spread testing, followed by linkage to care for hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHOD: Involvement of community members was central to planning and conduct of the programs. Samples were obtained using dry blood spot cards (DBS). A week-long pilot study in Community 1 investigated the effectiveness of the program, using DBS. Community 2, being larger, more remote, and known to be endemic for HCV was more challenging. Three-week-long testing drives plus a stand-alone testing day were used to collect samples over 5 months. Public Health Agency (PHAC)’s National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services (NLHRS) received and tested the DBS samples for HCV and other blood-borne infections. Outcomes were measured by number of people tested, the quality of the tests, and community members’ satisfaction with the program and retained knowledge about HCV, based on interviews. RESULTS: In Community 1, 226 people were tested for HCV over 4 days. 85% agreed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing as well. In Community 2, 484 people, one-half of the adult population, were tested. Surveys of participants showed food was the most significant draw, and Facebook the most effective way to inform people of the events. Interviews with staff and participants showed a high level of satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest this is an effective approach to testing for HCV in unusually challenging settings. Lessons from the program include the power of community involvement; and the effectiveness of a highly targeted health initiative when developed through collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smookler
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (TCLD), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Terri Farrell
- Sioux Lookout First Nations Health Authority (SLFNHA), Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Gordon
- Sioux Lookout First Nations Health Authority (SLFNHA), Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lucy You
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (TCLD), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camelia Capraru
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (TCLD), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike McKay
- Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug First Nation, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Kim
- National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services (NLHRS), Canada
| | - Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (TCLD), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hemant Shah
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease (TCLD), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wlazłowska E, Piekarska A, Kamerys J, Wójcik-Cichy K, Jabłonowska E. Control of HBV infection in HIV/HBV co-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy - experience of Lodz Centre. Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 8:1-6. [PMID: 35415257 PMCID: PMC8984790 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2022.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To analyse the impact of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on selected markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as assessment of the degree of fibrosis in antiretroviral patients who had HIV/HBV co-infection. Material and methods Analysis of HBs antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs, HBsAg levels, anti-HDV, anti-HCV, as well as assessment of HBV DNA viraemia and liver fibrosis by elastography in people with HIV/HBV co-infection. Results Among 515 people under the care of the Lodz Centre at the time of treatment initiation 28 people (5.4%) HBsAg was detected. In HIV/HBV coinfected patients 14 people (50%) had anti-HCV and 6 (21.6%) had anti-HDV. In the group of 23 people treated with antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months, all but one patient achieved HBV viraemia below the detection threshold. Six (26.1%) eliminated HBsAg, 3 (13%) produced anti-HBs. In the group we examined, four patients has fibrosis at level F4 on the Metavir scale - 3 patients were treated for more than 12 months and one patient was treated for less than 12 months. Conclusions Antiretroviral treatment of patients co-infected with HIV/HBV based on tenofovir (in the form of disoproxil or alafenamide) with emtricitabine or lamivudine leads to virological control of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Wlazłowska
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Janocha-Litwin J, Zińczuk A, Serafińska S, Szymanek-Pasternak A, Simon K. Analysis of Deaths among HIV-Infected Patients Hospitalized in 2009–2018 in Main Centre of Infectious Disease in Region of Lower Silesia in Poland, Detailing Lesions in the Central Nervous System. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020270. [PMID: 35208594 PMCID: PMC8875164 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients living with HIV (PLWH), especially those diagnosed too late or not receiving treatment with antiretroviral drugs in the stage of advanced immunodeficiency AIDS for various reasons, develop additional opportunistic infections or AIDS-defining diseases that may contribute directly to the death of these patients. Material and Methods: In this work, we focused on disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) by retrospectively analyzing the symptoms, clinical and autopsy diagnoses of patients diagnosed with HIV infection who died in the provincial specialist hospital in the Lower Silesia region in Poland. Results: The autopsy was performed in 27.4% cases. The cause of death was determined to be HIV-related/AIDS-associated in 78% patients. The most common AIDS-defining CNS diseases in our cohort were toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Conslusions: The presented results of the most common causes of changes in the central nervous system among deceased HIV-infected patients are comparable to the results of studies by other scientists cited in the publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janocha-Litwin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.S.); (A.S.-P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Provincial Hospital Gromkowskiego, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-606748862
| | - Aleksander Zińczuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.S.); (A.S.-P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Serafińska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.S.); (A.S.-P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Provincial Hospital Gromkowskiego, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szymanek-Pasternak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.S.); (A.S.-P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Provincial Hospital Gromkowskiego, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Simon
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.S.); (A.S.-P.); (K.S.)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Provincial Hospital Gromkowskiego, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland
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Shahriar S, Araf Y, Ahmad R, Kattel P, Sah GS, Rahaman TI, Sadiea RZ, Sultana S, Islam MS, Zheng C, Hossain MG. Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:780887. [PMID: 35222296 PMCID: PMC8865087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Shahriar
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Pravakar Kattel
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ganga Sagar Sah
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Rahila Zannat Sadiea
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaj Sultana
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sayeedul Islam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Md. Golzar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Yekedüz E, Utkan G, Ürün Y. Key considerations and common adverse events for HIV-positive patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Future Oncol 2022; 18:413-416. [PMID: 35018793 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected patients are more susceptible to cancer due to their immune-compromised condition and HIV infection. Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation are the main causes of cancer development in these patients. Because of lymphopenia and an immune-compromised condition, most HIV-infected patients with cancer were not considered for cytotoxic therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a game-changer in many cancer types. However, not enough prospective data is available regarding the use of ICIs in HIV-infected patients with cancer. Retrospective data from case reports/series showed that ICIs are safe in HIV-infected patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yekedüz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey.,Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara 06590, Turkey
| | - Güngör Utkan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey.,Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara 06590, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Ürün
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey.,Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara 06590, Turkey
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Cavalcante DF, Garcia ÉM, Farias NSDO, Koizumi IK, Figueiredo GM, Sato APS. Mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B and C viruses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220004. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to describe and analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) in the state of São Paulo. Methods: This is an ecological study of HCC deaths associated with HBV and HCV in the state of São Paulo, from 2009 to 2017, with data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The temporal trend was analyzed by linear regression with Prais–Winsten estimation. Deaths were described according to sociodemographic characteristics by means of absolute and relative frequencies and were spatially distributed according to the regional health department. Results: It is found that 26.3% of deaths due to HCC were associated with HBV or HCV. A higher proportion of deaths due to HCC associated with HCV was observed (22.2%) when compared to HBV (3.9%). The mortality rate due to HCC associated with HBV showed a downward trend, and the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV showed a steady trend. Deaths of males, white individuals, those who aged from 50 to 59 years, and those who had 8–11 years of schooling predominated. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of deaths in the state of São Paulo. Conclusions: The downward trend in mortality rates due to HCC associated with HBV shows an important advance in the disease control. However, the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV has remained stable throughout the study period. The spatial distribution of deaths may contribute to raise hypotheses for deeper knowledge of these diseases in the regions.
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Abate D, Tolera A, Hawulte B, Tesfa T, Geleto A. Sero-Prevalence of HBV and its Associated Factors Among Healthcare Providers in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia. INFECTIOUS DISEASES: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 15:11786337211062622. [PMID: 35023926 PMCID: PMC8744165 DOI: 10.1177/11786337211062622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Healthcare providers are in high occupational risk of Hepatitis B virus
infection than that of the general population because of the high risk of
occupational exposure to patients’ body fluids and accidental sharp
injuries. There are no large facility-based studies conducted on the
prevalence of HBV infection and its associated factors among health care
providers in eastern Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and
its associated factors among the healthcare providers in public health
facilities in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 randomly
selected healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018.
Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on
socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors. In addition, a
2.5 ml blood was collected and the serum was analyzed for Hepatitis B
surface antigen using the Instant Hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Data were
entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS statistical
packages version 22. Descriptive summary measures were used. Bivariate and
multivariable logistic regression was conducted at 95% CI. An association at
P-value <.05 was considered statistically
significant. Results: A total of 438 (92.02% response rate) health care providers have participated
in this study. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 9.6%. There
were no significant differences in the HBV infection rates among healthcare
providers with respect to socio-demographic characteristics
(P-value >.05). After adjusting for some variables,
the following variables remained statistically significantly associated with
HBsAg positive result in the multivariable analysis: exposure to body fluids
(AOR = 3.0; 95% CI [1.25, 7.05]), history of needle stick injury
(AOR = 4.70; 95% CI [2.10, 10.55]), history of operation/surgery
(AOR = 4.88, 95% CI [1.43, 16.62]), history of multiple sexual partner
(AOR = 7.48; 95% CI [2.08, 26.96]), and being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.09; 95%
CI [2.75, 13.51]). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of HBV infection among health care
providers in eastern Ethiopia. This is significant because health
professionals may be at increased risk of chronic complications and may also
be source of infection for their clients and general population during their
healthcare practice. Management commitment that should focus on occupational
safety and health promotions is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degu Abate
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Tolera
- School of Public Health, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Behailu Hawulte
- School of Public Health, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Tesfa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Geleto
- School of Public Health, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
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Vueba AN, Almendra R, Santana P, Faria C, do Céu Sousa M. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in Luanda (Angola): geospatial distribution and its association with socio-demographic and clinical-obstetric determinants. Virol J 2021; 18:239. [PMID: 34863183 PMCID: PMC8642931 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV and HBV infections remain responsible for high rate of morbidity and mortality in many African Countries, affecting women and newborns. This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of HIV and HBV infections in pregnant women in Luanda, Angola, and the statistical association between HIV and HBV and socio-economic characteristics, hygiene, and health status. Methods Detection of anti-HIV antibodies (total anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2 and HIV-1 p24 antigen) and Hepatitis B antigens (HBsAg, HBeAg) and antibodies (anti-HBc Total II, HBc IgM, Anti-HBsT II) was performed by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) in serum samples of 878 pregnant women attended at the Lucrecia Paim Maternity Hospital (LPMH). Data were collected by questionnaire after written consent, and spatial distribution was assessed through a Kernel Density Function. The potential risk factors associated with HIV HBV infection were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis. Results Anti-HIV antibodies were positive in 118 samples (13.4%) and HBV infection were positive in 226 (25.7%). The seroprevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection was of 6.3%. The results showed that the seroprevalence of HBV was similar in most municipalities: 25.8% in Belas; 26.6% in Viana; 27.6% in Luanda; 19.2% in Cacuaco; and 15.6% Cazenga. For HIV, the seroprevalence was also close ranges among the municipalities: 10.0% in Belas; 14.5% in Viana 14.9% in Luanda and 12.5% in Cazenga. However, the seroprevalence in municipality of in Cacuaco was lower (5.8%) and bivariate and multivariate analysis showed a lower risk for HIV in this area (OR 0.348, CI 0.083–0.986; OR 0.359, CI 0.085–1.021). The multivariate analysis had also showed a significant increased risk for HIV in women with 2 or 3 births (OR 1.860, CI 1.054–3.372). Conclusions Our results underlined the need to improve the screening and clinical follow-up of HIV and HBV in Angola, as well the educational campaigns to prevent not only the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases, but also their transmission, mainly in women in reproductive age and pregnant, encouraging the pre-natal consultations in order to avoid mother-to-child transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01698-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Almendra
- Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Santana
- Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning (CEGOT), Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clarissa Faria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Liu T, Song C, Zhang Y, Siyin ST, Zhang Q, Song M, Cao L, Shi H. Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers among Chinese population: A prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1018-1028. [PMID: 34855203 PMCID: PMC9300134 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our study aims to explore the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers including liver, gastric, gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct, pancreatic, small intestine, esophageal and colorectal cancer in the Kailuan Cohort study. We prospectively examined the relationship between HBV infection and new‐onset GI cancers among 93 402 participants. Cox proportional hazards regression models, subgroup analyses and competing risk analyses were used to evaluate the association between HBV infection and the risk of new‐onset GI cancers. During a median follow‐up of 13.02 years, 1791 incident GI cancer cases were diagnosed. Compared to HBsAg seronegative participants, a significant positive association between HBV infection and GI cancers was observed in the multivariate‐adjusted models (HR 5.59, 95% CI: 4.84‐6.45). In the site‐specific analyses, participants with HBsAg seropositive exhibited an increased risk of liver cancer (HR = 21.56, 95% CI: 17.32‐26.85), gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct cancer (HR = 14.89, 95% CI: 10.36‐21.41), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.96) and pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.10‐3.99). After taking death as the competing risk event, the associations of HBV infection with the risk of these cancers were attenuated but remained significant both in the cause‐specific hazards models, the subdistribution proportional hazards models and sensitivity analyses. Our study suggests that HBV infection is associated with the elevated risk of liver cancer and extrahepatic cancer including gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer among adults in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sarah Tan Siyin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cao
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
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Ayelign M, Aynalem M, Berhane N. Hepatitis and HIV Co-infection at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital: Northwest Ethiopia. Hepat Med 2021; 13:113-120. [PMID: 34795539 PMCID: PMC8593689 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s337817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections are the most common diseases. Of them, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B viruses (HBV), and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are common. When HBV or HCV becomes co-morbid with HIV, they lead to severe forms of a disease and rapid death. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV among HIV-positive study participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 81 individuals, and a non-randomized purposive sampling technique was used. From each study participant, sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered by using a pretested questionnaire and data collection sheet, respectively. Further, a venous blood sample was collected for viral load count, and HBV and HCV determination. To keep the quality of test results, commercially prepared quality control samples were used. The data were entered to EPI-Info version 7 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The descriptive data were summarized in percentages, median, and IQR. Logistic regression was analyzed to determine associated factors. To say the data were statistically significant, the p-values should be less than 0.05. RESULTS A total of 81 study participants were included. Of them, 56.8% (46/81) and 67.9% (55/81) were female and urban residents, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis co-infection was 21% (95% CI: 17%, 23%). Further, the prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV was 13.5% (95% CI: 10.5%, 16.5%) and 8.6% (95% CI: 5.6%, 11.6%), respectively. Wise use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 0.01 (0.00, 0.213) was a preventive factor to hepatitis infection. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The HBV and HCV co-infection among HIV-positive patients was a significant public health concern. Also, having wise use of HAART can reduce exposure to hepatitis co-infection. Therefore, clear strategies on hepatitis screening and wise use of HAART to HIV would be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Ayelign
- Department of Molecular Biology, Specialized Referral Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melak Aynalem
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhane
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Hastie E, Wooten D. Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Vaccination in Patients With HIV: A Survey of Clinicians' Current Practices. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab270. [PMID: 34631922 PMCID: PMC8494107 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This survey study evaluates how clinicians approach hepatitis B virus (HBV)
vaccination and monitoring in patients with HIV. Providers have clinical
practices that vary greatly from one another and from current guidelines,
especially for patients who do not seroconvert after initial HBV vaccination and
for patients with isolated hepatitis B core antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hastie
- PGY-3, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Darcy Wooten
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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44
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Tomio A, Lupo J, Blanc M, Epaulard O. Dynamics of anti-HBs antibody decay in vaccinated people with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 2021; 35:2059-2061. [PMID: 34471075 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tomio
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Julien Lupo
- Virology Laboratory, CHU Grenoble Alpes
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, Université Grenoble Alpes
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Blanc
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- Groupe de Recherche en Infectiologie Clinique, Université Grenoble Alpes
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075 CEA-CNRS-UGA, Grenoble, France
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45
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Masroor H, Qazi UM, Masroor A, Saleem A, Khalil G, Abbas K. Coinfection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Cureus 2021; 13:e16474. [PMID: 34466302 PMCID: PMC8396414 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coinfection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not uncommon in Pakistan. Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with HIV is associated with a poor prognosis. The current study evaluated the occurrence of coinfection of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology A prospective, observational study was conducted at Khushal Medical Center and Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) between February 2019 and April 2020. All patients with confirmed HIV positive serum samples aged above 18 years were eligible to apply for anonymous screening for hepatitis B and C virus markers. Sociodemographic data including patient's age, gender, marital status, occupation, employment status, and body mass index among others were documented on a predefined proforma. The presence of viral markers of HBV and HCV in HIV patients was the primary outcome of the study. Results Out of the total of 650 HIV patients, 78 (12%) had coinfection with hepatitis virus. The mean age was 42.40 ± 10.96 years. Sixty-three (80.77%) patients had coinfection with hepatitis B virus infection while 15 (19.23%) had hepatitis C coinfection. No cases of triple infections were identified. It was found that patients infected with HIV/HBV were more frequent in the age group of 30 to 45 years (36; 85.71%) while the HIV/HCV patients were older, i.e. 72.72% were older than 45 years (p<0.001). The sexual route was strongly associated with HIV/HBV group compared to HIV/HCV group [51 (89.47%) vs. six (10.53%); p<0.0001]. Conclusion The current study highlighted the rate of coinfection of HBV and HCV in HIV-infected individuals in Pakistan. We found that four-fifths of patients had coinfection with HBV while only one-fifth had coinfection with HCV. These findings are consistent with the published literature revealing that HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV are common in developing countries. Young sexually active individuals are at a significantly higher risk of acquiring HIV/HBV infection than HIV/HCV. We advocate screening for these hepatitis viral markers in patients with HIV infection as well as their sexual partners. Further large-scale, multicentre, and multistate studies should be conducted to determine the burden of these communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Masroor
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatric Care Associates, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Usman M Qazi
- Internal Medicine, Khushal Medical Center, Peshawar, PAK
| | | | - Ayesha Saleem
- General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Ghayyur Khalil
- Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Glenfield, GBR
| | - Kiran Abbas
- Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
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Danesh G, Virlogeux V, Ramière C, Charre C, Cotte L, Alizon S. Quantifying transmission dynamics of acute hepatitis C virus infections in a heterogeneous population using sequence data. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009916. [PMID: 34520487 PMCID: PMC8462723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid substitution and syringes exchange programs have drastically reduced hepatitis C virus (HCV) spread in France but HCV sexual transmission in men having sex with men (MSM) has recently arisen as a significant public health concern. The fact that the virus is transmitting in a heterogeneous population, with different transmission routes, makes prevalence and incidence rates poorly informative. However, additional insights can be gained by analyzing virus phylogenies inferred from dated genetic sequence data. By combining a phylodynamics approach based on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and an original transmission model, we estimate key epidemiological parameters of an ongoing HCV epidemic among MSMs in Lyon (France). We show that this new epidemic is largely independent of the previously observed non-MSM HCV epidemics and that its doubling time is ten times lower (0.44 years versus 4.37 years). These results have practical implications for HCV control and illustrate the additional information provided by virus genomics in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonché Danesh
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier – Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Virlogeux
- Clinical Research Center, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon – Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Ramière
- Virology Laboratory, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon – Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Charre
- Virology Laboratory, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon – Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Cotte
- Infectious Diseases Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon – Lyon, France
| | - Samuel Alizon
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier – Montpellier, France
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Akhtar A, Fatima S, Saeed H, Soo CT, Khan AH. HIV-HCV Coinfection: Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes in Malaysia. Intervirology 2021; 65:87-93. [PMID: 34515142 DOI: 10.1159/000518836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 130 million infections of hepatitis C virus with 3% overall prevalence are there worldwide. There are approximately 4-5 million persons coinfected with HIV. The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HCV among HIV-positive individuals and to assess the predictors involved in the outcomes of HIV-HCV coinfected patients. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients enrolled from 2007 to 2012 at Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Palau Pinang, Pinang, Malaysia. Sociodemographic da%)ta as well as clinical data were collected with the help of a valid data collection form from the patients' records. Data were entered and analyzed by using statistical software SPSS version 20.0, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hepatitis C among 708 HIV-infected patients was 130 (16.1 including 541 (76.4%) males and 167 (23.6%) females. High prevalence of HIV-HCV coinfection was significantly observed in males (122 [17.2%]) compared to females (8 [1.1%]) (p < 0.001). The main route of transmission among HIV-HCV coinfected patients was heterosexual contact (98 [13.8%]), followed by homosexual contact (4 [0.4%]). The statistically significant predictors involved in treatment outcomes of HIV-HCV coinfected patients are gender (OR = 2.015, p = 0.002) and intravenous drug users (OR = 2.376, p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study shows that HCV infection has an impact on the recovery of CD4 cells of the patients on HAART. Screening of HCV among HIV patients who were smokers and intravenous drug users should be monitored before starting HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akhtar
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Samreen Fatima
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Chow Ting Soo
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Palau Pinang, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
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Kase K, Avi R, Toompere K, Rajasaar H, Pauskar M, Soodla P, Jõgeda EL, Zilmer K, Lutsar I, Huik K. Dynamics of hepatitis C epidemic among people living with HIV in Estonia based on Estonian HIV cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:792. [PMID: 34376170 PMCID: PMC8353725 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estonia has a typical Eastern European HIV epidemic where the most frequent co-infection is chronic hepatitis C (HCV). We aimed to describe the changes in HCV prevalence, the distribution of HCV genotypes (GT), and HCV treatment in Estonian people living with HIV over 15 years. Methods We used data of subjects included to the Estonian HIV Cohort Study (E-HIV) before 31st of December 2015. We compared two time periods—first, 1st of January 2000 to 31st of December 2008 when the HIV epidemic was mostly spreading among people who inject drugs (PWID) and second, 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December 2015 when HIV started to emerge to the general population. Results Of 4422 HIV positives 3708 (84%) had information about their HCV serostatus; 2706 (61%) were HCV seropositive, of latter 1625 (60%) were HCV RNA positive, 239 (9%) had their HCV GT determined, and 141 (5%) received treatment for HCV. The dominating subtypes were 1b (42%) and 3a (37%) followed by 1a (16%), and the few cases of 2 (1.5%). HCV prevalence was 1.5 times (95% CI 1.4–1.6) higher in subjects diagnosed with HIV in first as compared to those diagnosed in second period (84% vs 56%, respectively). There were more men and the median age at HIV diagnosis was lower in HIV/HCV co-infected than in HIV mono-infected patients (70% vs 47% and 24 years vs. 30 years, respectively; both p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a decrease in HCV prevalence but it remains high among HIV positive PWID, suggesting that there is need for improvement of harm reduction programs among PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kase
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Infectious Diseases Clinic, West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Radko Avi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karolin Toompere
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Rajasaar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merit Pauskar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pilleriin Soodla
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene-Ly Jõgeda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Zilmer
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Irja Lutsar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Huik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.,HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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Mahavar N, Naseri M, Anani Sarab G, Fereidouni M, Ziaee M, safari H, Naghizadeh MS, Tane A, Mahdavi R. IL-10 -1082 A/G (rs1800896) Polymorphism is Effective in Clearing Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021; 14. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.93003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a universal health challenge all around the world. Several factors like viral load, genetic characteristics, age, sex, and immune status contribute to variable clinical outcomes of HBV infection. The sequels of HBV infection vary remarkably among persons ranging from the spontaneous deletion of infection to persistent infection. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms IL10-1082 with HBV clearance. Methods: Sixty subjects with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection and 60 subjects who spontaneously recovered HBV were enrolled in the study. The IL-10-1082 polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Results: The clearance of HBV infection demonstrated a significant association with IL-10-1082 polymorphisms in the GG genotype (P = 0.03), while there was no association with other genotypes. Reduced risk of chronic hepatitis B infection was associated with IL-10-1082 GG (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.07 - 5.09). Besides, IL-10-1082 A/G alleles did not differ clearly between the two study groups (P = 0.07) Conclusions: The IL-10-1082 polymorphisms may be associated with a reduced risk of CHB infection and recovery after HBV infection.
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Shen DT, Han PC, Ji DZ, Chen HY, Cao WD, Goyal H, Xu HG. Epidemiology estimates of hepatitis D in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, 2002-2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:1057-1067. [PMID: 33877742 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an obligate satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HIV/HDV co-infection is associated with a high rate of hepatic decompensation events and death. We aimed to characterize the epidemiology of HDV infection in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus for studies published from 1 Jan 2002 to 7 May 2018 measuring prevalence of HDV among the HIV population. Pooled seroprevalence was calculated with the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Our search returned 4624 records, 38 of which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies included data for 63 cohorts from 18 countries and regions. The overall HDV seroprevalence of HIV-infected individuals was 1.03% (95% CI 0.43-1.85) in 2002-2018 globally. Moreover, the estimated pooled HDV seroprevalence among the general population was 1.07% (95% CI 0.65-1.59) in 2002-2018, which was not significantly different from the HDV seroprevalence of individuals living with HIV (p = 0.951). The overall HDV seroprevalence of the HBsAg positive population was 12.15% (95% CI 10.22-14.20), p = 0.434 when compared with the corresponding data of HIV/HBV co-infected individuals. This meta-analysis suggested that there was no difference between the HDV seroprevalence in HIV-infected individuals and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ting Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, HUA DONG Sanatorium, Wuxi, China
| | - Pei-Chun Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ze Ji
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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