Role of adipose-derived stromal cells in pedicle skin flap survival in experimental animal models

Table 1 The most relevant studies on the effect of adipose-derived stem cells on viability of pedicle skin flaps in experimental animal models

Ref.	Year	Contribution
Lu et al[19]	2008	Intracutaneous injection of (DiI)-labeled ADSCs improves capillary density
Uysal et al[20]	2009	ADSCs prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating growth factors, especially VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β
Gao et al[21]	2011	Human-ADSCs improve viability of ischemic random pedicle skin flap in mice via expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
Sheng et al[22]	2011	BSCs vs SVF promotes vascularization
Karathanasis et al[23]	2013	Transplantation of modified GFP-ADSCs promotes blood vessel regeneration in vivo
Yue et al[24]	2013	Transplantation of ADSCs, combined with hypoxic preconditioning, enhances neovascularization associated with the production and activation of HIF-1α, together with an increase in VEGF
Lee et al[25]	2014	ADSCs delivered via sponge method increase flap vascularity
Suartz et al[26]	2014	Administration of ADSCs affects positively in skin-flap survival
Derby et al[28]	2014	Genetic modified GFP-ADSC improves overlying skin composition and appearance after fat graft transplantation
Park et al[27]	2015	LLLT on transplanted human-ADSCs in the skin flaps of mice stimulates the secretion of growth factors in skin flaps
Reichenberger et al[29]	2012	Topical application of ADSCs embedded in a fibrin matrix, increases ischemic tissue survival, blood flow and expression of pro-angioactive genes in an animal epigastric skin flap model
Reichenberger et al[30]	2012	ADSCs in an extended inferior epigastric artery skin flap enhance blood supply and tissue regeneration
Feng et al[31]	2014	Heterologous transplantation of human ADSCs in axial pedicle skin flaps improves viability of axial skin flap in mice
Xu et al[32]	2015	Transplantation of ADSCs promotes capillary formation
Tomita et al[33]	2013	Utilization of ADSCs in Lewis rats improved the sensory capability of skin flaps via the production of neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factors
Uysal et al[36]	2010	ADSCs and BSCs increased the vascular density, and the VEGF
Li et al[37]	2010	ADSCs increase the vascular density and the survival percentage of the flaps producing high cytokine levels such as VEGF-A

ADSCs: Adipose-derived stem cells; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha; SVF: Stromal vascular factor; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta; BSCs: Bone marrow-derived stem cells; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; LLLT: Low-level light therapy.