Contemporary perspective on endogenous myocardial regeneration

Table 1 Clinical studies with endogenous cardiac stem cells

Study	Design	Population	Intervention	No. of patientsreceiving treatment	Primary endpoint	Conclusion
CADUCEUS	RCT	Post-MI with LVEF 25%-45%	Intracoronary infusion of CDCs	17	Occurrence of death, new MI, new cardiac tumour on MRI and/or admission for HF	Safety proven; MRI-scar reduction and increase in viable myocardium
SCIPIO	RCT	Post-MI with LVEF ≤ 40%	Intracoronary infusion of autologous	16	Short-term safety	Safety proven; LVEF improvement, infarct size reduction
			c-kit+ CSCs
ALCADIA	Non-randomized	Ischemic CMP with LVEF 15%-35%	Intramyocardial injection of autologous CSCs with bFGF	6	-	No adverse events; improvement of NYHA class and LVEF

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; CDCs: Cardioshere-derived stem cells; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; HF: Heart failure; CSCs: Cardiac stem cells; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor; CADUCEUS: CArdiosphere-Derived aUtologous stem CElls to reverse ventricUlar dysfunction; SCIPIO: Stem Cell In Patients with Ischemic cardiomyopathy; ALCADIA: AutoLogous Human CArdiac-Derived Stem Cell To Treat Ischemic cArdiomyopathy.