Efficacy and safety of autologous stem cell transplantation for decompensated liver cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparison of the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the stem cell transplantation group and the non-transplantation group

Characteristic	Before propensity score matching			After propensity score matching
	Stem cell transplantation group (n = 27)	Non-transplantation group (n = 132)	P-value	Stem cell transplantation group (n =23)	Non-transplantation group (n = 69)	P-value
No. of male (%)	18 (66.7%)	100 (75.8%)	0.325	15 (65.2%)	45 (65.2%)	1
Age (yr)	53.7 ± 9.7	53.3 ± 10.8	0.84	53.0 ± 9.7	55.3 ± 9.8	0.351
History of smoking (%)	6 (22.2)	33 (25.0)	0.76	4 (17.4)	15 (21.7)	0.656
History of alcohol drinking, n (%)	8 (29.6)	33 (25.0)	0.616	6 (26.1)	20 (29)	0.789
Diabetes, n (%)	6 (22.2)	23 (17.4)	0.556	6 (26.1)	16 (23.2)	0.778
Family history of liver cancer, n (%)	3 (11.1)	10 (7.6)	0.541	3 (13)	3 (4.3)	0.144
Child-Pugh B to C ratio	4:23	67:65	0.001	4:19	17:52	0.473
MELD score	14.36 (9.33-18.69)	10.43 (7.22-15.91)	0.051	15.55 ± 7.66	14.21 ± 8.32	0.498
HBsAg positive, n (%)	20 (74.1)	127 (96.2)	0	20 (87)	66 (95.7)	0.144
PT (s)	21.5 (18.2-26.7)	18.2 (16.0-20.7)	0.003	22.0 (18.1-27.8)	19.3 (16.8-22.6)	0.143
TBIL (µmol/L)	88.7 (46.6-141.1)	38.4 (23.1-111.6)	0.012	73.2 (46.6-137.9)	46.4 (26.6-155.6)	0.21
ALB (g/L)	26.89 ± 4.36	28.16 ± 5.63	0.268	27.08 ± 4.59	26.27 ± 6.02	0.56
ALT (U/L)	45 (30-60)	54 (35-113)	0.055	47 (36-63)	48 (30-93)	0.701
PLT (× 109/L)	79.11 ± 40.39	92.66 ± 58.39	0.252	81.78 ± 41.33	90.49 ± 65.35	0.551
AFP (ng/mL)	7.62 (3.68-20.80)	6.90(2.73-33.87)	0.889	7.93 (3.9-29.37)	6.3 (2.47-23.88)	0.564
HBeAg titer (s/copies)	0.45 (0.34-11.26)	0.5 (0.34-24.68)	0.808	0.45 (0.34-11.26)	0.48 (0.34-22.13)	0.906
LogHBV DNA (IU/mL)	4.45 ± 1.21	4.47 ± 1.44	0.966	4.45 ± 1.21	4.65 ± 1.48	0.097
Cause, n (%)
HBV infection	20 (74.1)	127 (96.2)	0	20 (87)	66 (95.7)	0.154
Alcohol drinking	4 (14.8)	1 (0.8)		1 (4.3)	0
Others	3 (11.1)	4 (3)		2 (8.7)	3 (4.3)

MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; PT: Prothrombin time; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; PLT: Platelet; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 2 Comparison of the survival rate and incidence of liver cancer between the stem cell transplantation group and the non-transplantation group

	Time	Stem cell transplantation group	Non-transplantation group	χ2 value	P-value
		(n = 23)	(n = 69)
Survival rate	3-mo	95.70%	84.10%	0.951	0.33
	6-mo	91.30%	82.60%
	1-yr	87.00%	73.80%
	2-yr	73.90%	62.90%
	3-yr	50.80%	58.10%
	4-yr	46.20%	54.50%
	5-yr	41.60%	50.70%
	6-yr	32.30%	44.20%
	7-yr	24.30%	39.50%
Incidence of liver cancer	3-mo	0	0	6.3	0.011
	6-mo	4.80%	1.70%
	1-yr	9.50%	5.50%
	2-yr	20.80%	14.10%
	3-yr	41.40%	19.30%
	4-yr	49.80%	22.40%
	5-yr	66.50%	29.00%
	6-yr	66.50%	36.30%
	7-yr	83.30%	42.70%

Table 3 Cox regression analysis of risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma

Variable	Univariate Cox regression analysis			Multivariate Cox regression analysis
	HR	95%CI	P	HR	95%CI	P
Stem cell transplantation	2.664	1.211-5.859	0.015	3.065	1.378-6.814	0.006
Age	1.055	1.016-1.096	0.006	1.055	1.016-1.096	0.006
Sex	1.588	0.728-3.467	0.246
History of diabetes	1.098	0.439-2.741	0.842
History of smoking	1.475	0.675-3.223	0.330
History of alcohol consumption	1.546	0.698-3.423	0.283
HBsAg positivity	0.664	0.086-5.117	0.694
Child-Pugh classification	1.301	0.522-3.246	0.573
Family history of liver cancer	1.283	0.303-5.444	0.735

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.