Mesenchymal stem cells secretome: The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine

Figure 1 Summary of the various soluble factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells and their functions. HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor–β; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; IL: Interleukin; DCs: Dendritic cells; CCL: CC-chemokine ligand; NKs: Natural killer cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; CXCR: C-X-C chemokine receptor type; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2; HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor; SDF: Stromal cell-derived factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; ANG1: Angiogenesis 1; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; hCAP: Human cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide; HO-1: Heme oxygenase; NO: Nitric oxide. This figure was created with Biorender.com.