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Liu K, Shen Y, Chen S, Su W, Song Y, Tan M. Stimulus-Responsive Targeted Lutein Nanoparticles for the Alleviation of Blue Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration. ACS NANO 2025; 19:19255-19273. [PMID: 40354567 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Growing concern about the prolonged exposure to blue light on eye health has driven interest in bioactive substances that can help protect the eyes. In this study, a type of mitochondrion targeted lutein nanoparticles with potential of hydrogen (pH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive capabilities was designed and prepared for retinal degeneration caused by blue light. Lutein nanoparticles were initially prepared using a self-assembly method based on (3-carboxypentyl) (triphenyl) phosphonium modified casein-mannose (CAS-Man) conjugates. Subsequently, 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid modified sodium alginate was surrounded on the surface of the nanoparticles to generate hydrophilic corona. The nanoparticles exhibited pH- and ROS-responsive release properties and showed good mitochondrial targeted ability after 4 h of incubation, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.88. Visual electrophysiology results indicated that lutein nanoparticles alleviated blue light damage by improving dark and light adaptation, preserving retinal vascular microcirculation, and enhancing optic nerve conduction function. Fluorescein fundus angiography showed that lutein nanoparticles significantly decreased the vessel percentage area by 6.93 ± 0.32%, average vessel length by 0.59-fold, and the number of junctions by 0.88-fold caused by blue light exposure. Lutein nanoparticles effectively protected mice from blue light-induced retinal degeneration by reducing ROS production in the retina by 1.44-fold and inhibiting cellular apoptosis by 2.29-fold. These findings suggested that the mitochondrion targeted lutein nanoparticles with pH and ROS-responsive capabilities provided a potential strategy for mitigating blue light-induced retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yemeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wentao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yukun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Jinshiwan Laboratory, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
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Sorrentino FS, Parmeggiani F, Gardini L, Fontana L, Musa M, Gagliano C, Zeppieri M. Stem cell therapy for retinal pigment epithelium disorders. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17:103100. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i5.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction is involved in the advancement of numerous degenerative retinal illnesses, such as age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal abnormalities. Transplantation of RPE produced from stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to restore retinal function and prevent vision loss. However, other obstacles impede its clinical application, including immunological rejection, cell viability, functional integration, and the necessity for consistent differentiation techniques. This review offers a thorough examination of the molecular processes regulating RPE integrity, investigates recent progress in stem cell-derived RPE therapeutics, and addresses significant challenges to their broad implementation. Furthermore, we emphasize prospective avenues intended to enhance the safety, efficacy, and enduring success of RPE transplantation in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Parmeggiani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
- ERN-EYE Network - Center for Retinitis Pigmentosa of Veneto Region, Camposampiero Hospital, Padua 35010, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gardini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Ophthalmology Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin 300283, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Sight Africa, Onitsha 434112, Nigeria
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Enna 9410, Italy
- Mediterranean Foundation, G.B. Morgagni, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34129, Italy
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Zheng X, Jiang GJ, Fan TJ. Blue Light Irradiation Elicits Senescence of Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vitro by Provoking Energy Crisis, Inflammasome Assembly and DNA Damage. Curr Eye Res 2025:1-12. [PMID: 40336349 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2025.2497330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE The blue light from the digital screens endangers the visual system among which the corneas at the outmost of eyes are vulnerable to the irradiation. Therein, the human corneal endothelial (HCE) cells are crucial to maintain corneal transparency and their damage leads to HCE decompensation resulting in blindness ultimately. Thus, understanding the phototoxic effects of the blue light on the HCE cells and the underlying mechanisms is important for taking measures to protect the vision clarity from the blue-light hazard. METHODS We pulse-irradiated the HCE cell line cells at logarithmic phase for 3 passages using 440 nm blue light and examined the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and autophagy using cytochemistry assay to investigate the alterations of energy metabolism. Moreover, we examined the γH2AX+ cells using immunofluorescence and expression of poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase1 (PARP1) using western blotting to investigate the degrees of DNA damage and repair. We also monitored the levels of inflammasome using western blotting and senescence associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β and IL-6 using qPCR and ELISA to investigate the inflammasome assembly and secretion of SASPs. We detected the senescent features with senescence-associated-β-galactosidase assay, p16 levels by western blotting, Lamin B1 localization by immunofluorescence observation, cell growth by EdU incorporation assay and confluence forming time and alterations of the cell morphology and relative areas by microscopy observation. RESULTS The HCE cells exhibited senescent features after blue-light-pulse-irradiation. The blue light provokes overproduction of ROS to decrease the levels of ATP, NAD+ and autophagy leading to energy crisis. Moreover, the excess ROS injure DNA and downregulate PARP1 resulting in stable cell-cycle arrest. The excess ROS also facilitate inflammasome assembly leading to hypersecretion of SASPs. CONCLUSION The blue light elicits HCE cell senescence via inducing energy crisis, stable cell-cycle arrest and SASP hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Zhou Z, Li S, Yang Q, Zheng P, Xie K. BlingLife ®-Marigold Extract Alleviates Blue Light-Induced Retinal Mitochondria Oxidative Stress and Senescence by Activating NRF2/HO-1 Signaling. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2025; 35:e2411037. [PMID: 40016150 PMCID: PMC11896799 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2411.11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Blue light poses a risk of retinal damage with excessive exposure. BlingLife®-marigold extract (BLM) is an alcohol extract of magrigold, which contains abundant lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin. This study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanisms of BLM in blue light-induced retinal damage both in vivo and in vitro. Rats or human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) were exposed to blue LED light with or without BLM treatment. The retinal morphology changes of rat were evaluated by H&E staining. Mitochondrial morphology was examined by using a transmission electron microscope. Besides, mitochondria oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, MDA and SOD levels. By measuring γH2AX expression and performing SA-β-galactosidase (gal) staining, cell senescence was assessed. Additionally, cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to examine the expression of NRF2 and HO-1. Results indicated that BLM could protect against blue light-induced damage of rat retinal tissues and ARPE-19 cells, as evidenced by the improved histopathological changes, alleviated mitochondria oxidative stress and attenuated senescence of tissues and cells. More importantly, BLM activated NRF2/HO-1 signaling, and addition of NRF2 inhibitor ML385 significantly blocked the protective effects of BLM on ARPE-19 cells exposed to blue light. In conclusion, BLM can provide an effective protection against blue light-induced retinal damage at least partly by activating NRF2/HO-1 signaling, suggesting that BLM may be useful for the prevention of blue light-induced retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Zhou
- Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211102, P.R. China
| | - Sizhen Li
- Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211102, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211102, P.R. China
| | - Pengjie Zheng
- Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211102, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Riddell N, Murphy MJ, Zahra S, Robertson-Dixon I, Crewther SG. Broadband Long Wavelength Light Promotes Myopic Eye Growth and Alters Retinal Responses to Light Offset in Chick. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2025; 66:30. [PMID: 39804628 PMCID: PMC11734760 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.66.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prolonged exposure to broadband light with a short-wavelength (blue) or long-wavelength (orange/red) bias is known to impact eye growth and refraction, but the mechanisms underlying this response are unknown. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of broadband blue and orange lights with well-differentiated spectrums on refractive development and global flash electroretinography (gfERG) measures of retinal function in the chick myopia model. Methods Chicks were raised for 4 days with monocular negative lenses, or no lens, under blue, orange, or white light. Chick weight, eye dimensions, and refraction were measured at the conclusion of rearing. In a separate cohort of chicks, the effect of 4 days of colored light rearing on retinal responses to orange, blue, or white light flashes was assessed using gfERG. Results Chicks reared under orange light for 4 days exhibited a significantly larger myopic shift in response to negative lenses compared to those reared under blue light. Orange light rearing for 4 days increased the gfERG d-wave amplitude and implicit time in response to orange light flashes but did not alter responses to white or blue flashes. Blue and white light rearing did not affect the retina's response to light flashes of any color. Conclusions Orange light rearing exacerbated defocus-induced myopia relative to blue light rearing. The gfERG recordings revealed that prolonged orange light exposure increased retinal responsivity to the offset of long wavelength light flashes, suggesting a potential role for ON/OFF pathway balance in generating the refractive response that requires further electrophysiological and molecular investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Riddell
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie J. Murphy
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sania Zahra
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sheila G. Crewther
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Wang X, Sun Y, Luan C, Yang S, Wang K, Zhang X, Hao R, Zhang W. Effect of hydrogen-rich saline on melanopsin after acute blue light-induced retinal damage in rats. Photochem Photobiol 2025; 101:106-115. [PMID: 38634423 DOI: 10.1111/php.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to blue light can cause retinal damage. Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS), one of the hydrogen therapies, has been demonstrated to be effective in eye photodamage, but the effect on the expression of melanopsin in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) is unknown. In this study, we used a rat model of light-induced retinal injury to observe the expression of melanopsin after HRS treatment and to determine the effect of HRS on retinal ganglion cell protection. Adult SD rats were exposed to blue light (48 h) and treated with HRS for 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were performed to find the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. The function of retinal ipRGCs was measured by pattern-evoked electroretinography (pERG). The number and morphological changes of melanopsin-positive ganglion cells in the retina were observed by immunofluorescence (IF). Acute blue light exposure caused a decrease in ipRGC function, decreased expression of melanopsin protein and the melanopsin-positive RGCs, and diminished immunoreactivity in dendrites. However, over time, melanopsin showed a tendency to self-recovery, with an increase in melanopsin protein expression and the number of melanopsin-positive RGCs, with incomplete recovery of function within two weeks. HRS treatment accelerated the recovery process, with a significant increase in melanopsin expression and the number of melanopsin-positive RGCs, and an improvement in the pERG waveform within two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Luan
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiao Yang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kailei Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rui Hao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Gu Z, Meng J, Zhong W, Lan C, Tan Q, Xiang X, Zhou H, Liao X. The role of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway in form deprivation myopia guinea pigs. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:497. [PMID: 39543533 PMCID: PMC11566547 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global prevalence of myopia has reached an unprecedented level, especially in East Asia. Multitude of studies has shown that the etiology of myopia is complex. Some researchers have suggested that oxidative stress (OS) may contribute to myopia, although there are limited reports on the alterations of related signaling pathways. Notably, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) -nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays a significant role in regulating OS and the mechanism, has not been explored in myopia. To investigate the modulation of KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway and its downstream superoxide dismutase (SOD) during the development of form-deprivation myopia, three-week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (NC), self-control (SC), form-deprivation myopia (FDM), and FDM group treated with tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) were measured by retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasound, respectively. The results revealed that TBHQ treatment decelerated the progression in SE and AL changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessed the distribution and expression of KEAP1, NRF2, and SOD. The results shown that they located in the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Subsequently, retinal mRNA and protein expression levels of KEAP1, NRF2, and SOD were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis. The RT-PCR and WB results demonstrated that TBHQ could activate NRF2, induce KEAP1 degradation, and enhance the expression of the antioxidant SOD. In summary, the modulation of KEAP1-NRF2 and it downstream SOD expression could alter the retinal antioxidant capacity and influence the development of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Gu
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Jiayu Meng
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Weiqi Zhong
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Changjun Lan
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Qingqing Tan
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Xiaoling Xiang
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Xuan Liao
- Ophthalmology Department of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
- Medical School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
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do Nascimento THO, Pereira-Figueiredo D, Veroneze L, Nascimento AA, De Logu F, Nassini R, Campello-Costa P, Faria-Melibeu ADC, Souza Monteiro de Araújo D, Calaza KC. Functions of TRPs in retinal tissue in physiological and pathological conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1459083. [PMID: 39386050 PMCID: PMC11461470 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1459083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) constitutes a family of channels subdivided into seven subfamilies: Ankyrin (TRPA), Canonical (TRPC), Melastatin (TRPM), Mucolipin (TRPML), no-mechano-potential C (TRPN), Polycystic (TRPP), and Vanilloid (TRPV). Although they are structurally similar to one another, the peculiarities of each subfamily are key to the response to stimuli and the signaling pathway that each one triggers. TRPs are non-selective cation channels, most of which are permeable to Ca2+, which is a well-established second messenger that modulates several intracellular signaling pathways and is involved in physiological and pathological conditions in various cell types. TRPs depolarize excitable cells by increasing the influx of Ca2+, Na+, and other cations. Most TRP families are activated by temperature variations, membrane stretching, or chemical agents and, therefore, are defined as polymodal channels. All TPRs are expressed, at some level, in the central nervous system (CNS) and ocular-related structures, such as the retina and optic nerve (ON), except the TRPP in the ON. TRPC, TRPM, TRPV, and TRPML are found in the retinal pigmented cells, whereas only TRPA1 and TRPM are detected in the uvea. Accordingly, several studies have focused on the search to unravel the role of TRPs in physiological and pathological conditions related to the eyes. Thus, this review aims to shed light on endogenous and exogenous modulators, triggered cell signaling pathways, and localization and roles of each subfamily of TRP channels in physiological and pathological conditions in the retina, optic nerve, and retinal pigmented epithelium of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaianne Hanah Oliveira do Nascimento
- Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Biomedical Sciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danniel Pereira-Figueiredo
- Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louise Veroneze
- Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Alves Nascimento
- Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Program of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Cunha Faria-Melibeu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Development, Program of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Biology Institute, Niteroi, Brazil
| | | | - Karin Costa Calaza
- Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Biomedical Sciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory Neurobiology of the Retina, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ouyang W, Yan D, Hu J, Liu Z. Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:398. [PMID: 39242592 PMCID: PMC11379830 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye, recognized as the most prevalent ocular surface disorder, has risen to prominence as a significant public health issue, adversely impacting the quality of life for individuals across the globe. Despite decades of extensive research into the chronic inflammation that characterizes dry eye, the intricate mechanisms fueling this persistent inflammatory state remain incompletely understood. Among the various cellular components under investigation, mitochondria-essential for cellular energy production and homeostasis-have attracted increasing attention for their role in dry eye pathogenesis. This involvement points to mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and sustained inflammation, which are central to the progression of the disease. This review aims to provide a thorough exploration of mitochondrial dysfunction in dry eye, shedding light on the critical roles played by mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial DNA damage. It delves into the mechanisms through which diverse pathogenic factors may trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to the onset and exacerbation of dry eye. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for an overview of current therapeutic strategies that specifically target mitochondrial dysfunction, underscoring their potential in managing this complex condition. By spotlighting this burgeoning area of research, our review seeks to catalyze the development of innovative drug discovery and therapeutic approaches. The ultimate goal is to unlock promising avenues for the future management of dry eye, potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms and improving patient outcomes. Through this comprehensive examination, we endeavor to enrich the scientific community's understanding of dry eye and inspire novel interventions that address the underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions contributing to this widespread disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ouyang
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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10
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Kaufmann M, Han Z. RPE melanin and its influence on the progression of AMD. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102358. [PMID: 38830546 PMCID: PMC11260545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review article is to summarize the latest findings and current understanding of the origin of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), its function within the RPE, its role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), its effect on retinal development, and its potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of AMD. METHODS A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals was conducted using various combinations of key terms such as "melanin," "retinal pigment epithelium" or "RPE," "age-related macular degeneration" or AMD," "lipofuscin," "oxidative stress," and "albinism." Databases searched include PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. 147 papers published between the years of 1957 and 2023 were considered with an emphasis on recent findings. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AMD is thought to result from chronic oxidative stress within the RPE that results in cellular dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and lipofuscin accumulation. Melanin functions as a photoscreener, free radical scavenger, and metal cation binding reservoir within the RPE. RPE melanin does not regenerate, and it undergoes degradation over time in response to chronic light exposure and oxidative stress. RPE melanin is important for retinal development and RPE function, and in the aging eye, melanin loss is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and the accumulation of toxic oxidized cellular products. Therefore, melanin-based treatments may serve to preserve RPE and retinal function in AMD. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of AMD is not fully understood, but RPE dysfunction and melanin loss in response to chronic oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to be primary drivers of the disease. Due to melanin's antioxidative effects, melanin-based nanotechnology represents a promising avenue for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kaufmann
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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Kwon YS, Munsoor J, Kaufmann M, Zheng M, Smirnov AI, Han Z. Polydopamine Nanoparticles as Mimicking RPE Melanin for the Protection of Retinal Cells Against Blue Light-Induced Phototoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400230. [PMID: 38816934 PMCID: PMC11304300 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure of the eyes to blue light can induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, potentially leading to pathological damage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While the melanin in RPE cells absorbs blue light and prevents ROS accumulation, the loss and dysfunction of RPE melanin due to age-related changes may contribute to photooxidation toxicity. Herein, a novel approach utilizing a polydopamine-replenishing strategy via a single-dose intravitreal (IVT) injection is presented to protect retinal cells against blue light-induced phototoxicity. To investigate the effects of overexposure to blue light on retinal cells, a blue light exposure Nrf2-deficient mouse model is created, which is susceptible to light-induced retinal lesions. After blue light irradiation, retina degeneration and an overproduction of ROS are observed. The polydopamine-replenishing strategy demonstrated effectiveness in maintaining retinal structural integrity and preventing retina degeneration by reducing ROS production in retinal cells and limiting the phototoxicity of blue light exposure. These findings highlight the potential of polydopamine as a simple and effective replenishment for providing photoprotection against high-energy blue light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Su Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Julie Munsoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mary Kaufmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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12
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Ebrahimi B, Le D, Abtahi M, Dadzie AK, Rossi A, Rahimi M, Son T, Ostmo S, Campbell JP, Paul Chan RV, Yao X. Assessing spectral effectiveness in color fundus photography for deep learning classification of retinopathy of prematurity. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:076001. [PMID: 38912212 PMCID: PMC11188587 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.7.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Significance Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) poses a significant global threat to childhood vision, necessitating effective screening strategies. This study addresses the impact of color channels in fundus imaging on ROP diagnosis, emphasizing the efficacy and safety of utilizing longer wavelengths, such as red or green for enhanced depth information and improved diagnostic capabilities. Aim This study aims to assess the spectral effectiveness in color fundus photography for the deep learning classification of ROP. Approach A convolutional neural network end-to-end classifier was utilized for deep learning classification of normal, stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 ROP fundus images. The classification performances with individual-color-channel inputs, i.e., red, green, and blue, and multi-color-channel fusion architectures, including early-fusion, intermediate-fusion, and late-fusion, were quantitatively compared. Results For individual-color-channel inputs, similar performance was observed for green channel (88.00% accuracy, 76.00% sensitivity, and 92.00% specificity) and red channel (87.25% accuracy, 74.50% sensitivity, and 91.50% specificity), which is substantially outperforming the blue channel (78.25% accuracy, 56.50% sensitivity, and 85.50% specificity). For multi-color-channel fusion options, the early-fusion and intermediate-fusion architecture showed almost the same performance when compared to the green/red channel input, and they outperformed the late-fusion architecture. Conclusions This study reveals that the classification of ROP stages can be effectively achieved using either the green or red image alone. This finding enables the exclusion of blue images, acknowledged for their increased susceptibility to light toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Ebrahimi
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - David Le
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mansour Abtahi
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Albert K. Dadzie
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alfa Rossi
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mojtaba Rahimi
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Taeyoon Son
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Susan Ostmo
- Oregon Health and Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - J. Peter Campbell
- Oregon Health and Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - R. V. Paul Chan
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Xincheng Yao
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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13
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Nian J, Lan W, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yao H, Zhang F. Exploring the metabolic implications of blue light exposure during daytime in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116436. [PMID: 38723383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to light is a global issue. Artificial light pollution has been shown to disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm. To investigate the impacts of light on metabolism, we studied Sprague-Dawley rats chronically exposed to red or blue light during daytime or nighttime. Rats in the experimental group were exposed to extended light for 4 hours during daytime or nighttime to simulate the effects of excessive light usage. Strikingly, we found systemic metabolic alterations only induced by blue light during daytime. Furthermore, we conducted metabolomic analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid, serum, heart, liver, spleen, adrenal, cerebellum, pituitary, prostate, spermatophore, hypothalamus and kidney from rats in the control and blue light exposure during daytime. Significant changes in metabolites have been observed in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, hypothalamus and kidney of rats exposed to blue light during daytime. Metabolic alterations observed in rats encompassing pyruvate metabolism, glutathione metabolism homocysteine degradation, phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis, exhibit analogous patterns to those inherent in specific physiological processes, notably neurodevelopment, cellular injury, oxidative stress, and autophagic pathways. Our study provides insights into tissue-specific metabolic changes in rats exposed to blue light during the daytime and may help explain potential mechanisms of photopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Nian
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Wenning Lan
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Ziran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
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14
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Zhang CJ, Mou H, Yuan J, Wang YH, Sun SN, Wang W, Xu ZH, Yu SJ, Jin K, Jin ZB. Effects of fluorescent protein tdTomato on mouse retina. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109910. [PMID: 38663720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been widely used to investigate cellular and molecular interactions and trace biological events in many applications. Some of the FPs have been demonstrated to cause undesirable cellular damage by light-induced ROS production in vivo or in vitro. However, it remains unknown if one of the most popular FPs, tdTomato, has similar effects in neuronal cells. In this study, we discovered that tdTomato expression led to unexpected retinal dysfunction and ultrastructural defects in the transgenic mouse retina. The retinal dysfunction mainly manifested in the reduced photopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses and decreased contrast sensitivity in visual acuity, caused by mitochondrial damages characterized with cellular redistribution, morphological modifications and molecular profiling alterations. Taken together, our findings for the first time demonstrated the retinal dysfunction and ultrastructural defects in the retinas of tdTomato-transgenic mice, calling for a more careful design and interpretation of experiments involved in FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Mou
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ya-Han Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shu-Ning Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ze-Hua Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Si-Jian Yu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Yeshchenko O, Kutsevol N, Virych P, Khort P, Virych P, Chumachenko V, Cekhun V. Anti-cancer activity of zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran- graft-polyacrylamide copolymer/Au(Ag) nanoparticle nanohybrids. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5045-5054. [PMID: 38332792 PMCID: PMC10848675 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of in vitro anti-cancer photodynamic activities of three-component zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer/dextran-graft-polyacrylamide copolymer/Au(Ag) nanoparticle (ZnTPP/D-g-PAA/Au(Ag)NP) nanohybrids on LNCaP prostate cancer cells was carried out under 420 nm light irradiation with low power. A significant cytotoxic effect was revealed for both ZnTPP/D-g-PAA/AgNP and ZnTPP/D-g-PAA/AuNP nanohybrids, where ZnTPP/D-g-PAA/AgNP nanohybrids exhibited considerably higher anticancer activity (82%) compared to ZnTPP/D-g-PAA/AuNP nanohybrids (45%). The higher activity of silver-containing nanohybrids is rationalized based on two factors. The first factor is the resonance of 420 nm light with a absorption Soret peak of the ZnTPP photosensitizer and a localized surface plasmon mode in Ag nanoparticles. Correspondingly, the plasmon enhancement of reactive oxygen species photogeneration by ZnTPP molecules was considerably higher for the nanohybrid containing silver compared to the one containing gold. The second factor is the higher cytotoxicity of Ag nanoparticles compared to Au ones. The study results prove the high potential of D-g-PAA/Ag(Au)NP nanohybrids combined with 420 nm light irradiation with low power in the photodynamic treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Yeshchenko
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 60 Volodymyrska Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Kutsevol
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 60 Volodymyrska Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Virych
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 60 Volodymyrska Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Khort
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 60 Volodymyrska Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Petro Virych
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute for Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology 45 Vasylkivska Str. 03022 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Chumachenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 60 Volodymyrska Str. 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Cekhun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute for Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology 45 Vasylkivska Str. 03022 Kyiv Ukraine
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16
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Pastor-Idoate S, Mateos-Olivares M, Sobas EM, Marcos M, Toribio A, Pastor JC, Usategui Martín R. Short-Wavelength Light-Blocking Filters and Oral Melatonin Administration in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e49196. [PMID: 37971796 PMCID: PMC10690531 DOI: 10.2196/49196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medical community is beginning to recognize that retinitis pigmentosa (RP), due to its disabling progression, eventually leads to a reduction in the patient´s quality of life, a direct economic impact, and an increase in the burden on the health care system. There is no curative treatment for the origin of the disease, and most of the current interventions fail in reducing the associated negative psychological states, such as anxiety and depression, which lead to increased variability of vision and pose a continuous threat to the patient's independence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the effect of oral melatonin (OM) administration alone and combined with short-wavelength light (SWL)-blocking filters on patients with RP and test their effectiveness in improving the level of stress and sleep problems in many of these patients. METHODS We have developed a low-cost therapy protocol for patients with RP with sleep disorders and negative psychological stress. Patients will be randomized to receive a combined intervention with SWL-blocking filters and OM, SWL-blocking filters alone, or OM alone. There will also be a nonintervention arm as a control group. This study will be conducted across 2 retinal units in patients with RP with sleep disorders and high perceived stress and anxiety score reports. Patients will be assessed in the preintervention period, weekly during the 4 weeks of intervention, and then at 6 months postintervention. The primary outcomes are the differences in changes from baseline to postintervention in hormone release (α-amylase, cortisol, and melatonin) and sleep quality, as measured with the visual analog scale. Secondary outcome measures include clinical macular changes, as measured with optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography; retinal function, as measured using the visual field and best-corrected visual acuity; sleep data collected from personal wearables; and several patient-reported variables, such as self-recorded sleep diaries, quality of life, perceived stress, and functional status. RESULTS This project is still a study protocol and has not yet started. Bibliographic research for information for its justification began in 2020, and this working group is currently seeking start-up funding. As soon as we have the necessary means, we will proceed with the registration and organization prior to the preliminary phase. CONCLUSIONS In this feasibility randomized clinical controlled trial, we will compare the effects of SWL blocking alone, administration of OM alone, and a combined intervention with both in patients with RP. We present this study so that it may be replicated and incorporated into future studies at other institutions, as well as applied to additional inherited retinal dystrophies. The goal of presenting this protocol is to aid recent efforts in reducing the impact of sleeping disorders and other psychological disorders on the quality of life in patients with RP and recovering their self-autonomy. In addition, the results of this study will represent a significant step toward developing a novel low-cost therapy for patients with RP and validating a novel therapeutic target. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/49196.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network dedicated to Rare Eye Diseases, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Milagros Mateos-Olivares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Caceres, Caceres, Spain
| | - Eva María Sobas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfredo Toribio
- Federation of Associations of Hereditary Retinal Dystrophies in Spain, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Pastor
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network dedicated to Rare Eye Diseases, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui Martín
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Anitua E, Muruzabal F, de la Fuente M, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Alkhraisat MH, Merayo-Lloves J. PRGF Membrane with Tailored Optical Properties Preserves the Cytoprotective Effect of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors: In Vitro Model of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11195. [PMID: 37446374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the ability of a novel plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) membrane with improved optical properties to reduce oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells) exposed to blue light. PRGF was obtained from three healthy donors and divided into four main groups: (i) PRGF membrane (M-PRGF), (ii) PRGF supernatant (S-PRGF), (iii) platelet-poor plasma (PPP) membrane diluted 50% with S-PRGF (M-PPP 50%), and (iv) M-PPP 50% supernatant (S-PPP 50%). ARPE-19 cells were exposed to blue light and then incubated with the different PRGF-derived formulations or control for 24 and 48 h under blue light exposure. Mitochondrial and cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ZO-1 expression were evaluated. Mitochondrial viability and cell survival were significantly increased after treatment with the different PRGF-derived formulations. ROS synthesis and HO-1 expression were significantly reduced after cell treatment with any of the PRGF-derived formulations. Furthermore, the different PRGF-derived formulations significantly increased ZO-1 expression in ARPE-19 exposed to blue light. The new PRGF membrane with improved optical properties and its supernatant (M-PPP 50% and S-PPP 50%) protected and reversed blue light-induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells at levels like those of a natural PRGF membrane and its supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco Muruzabal
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mohammad H Alkhraisat
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Pinelli R, Ferrucci M, Biagioni F, Berti C, Bumah VV, Busceti CL, Puglisi-Allegra S, Lazzeri G, Frati A, Fornai F. Autophagy Activation Promoted by Pulses of Light and Phytochemicals Counteracting Oxidative Stress during Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1183. [PMID: 37371913 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal role of autophagy during age-related macular degeneration (AMD) lies in the clearance of a number of reactive oxidative species that generate dysfunctional mitochondria. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina generate misfolded proteins, alter lipids and sugars composition, disrupt DNA integrity, damage cell organelles and produce retinal inclusions while causing AMD. This explains why autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), mostly at the macular level, is essential in AMD and even in baseline conditions to provide a powerful and fast replacement of oxidized molecules and ROS-damaged mitochondria. When autophagy is impaired within RPE, the deleterious effects of ROS, which are produced in excess also during baseline conditions, are no longer counteracted, and retinal degeneration may occur. Within RPE, autophagy can be induced by various stimuli, such as light and naturally occurring phytochemicals. Light and phytochemicals, in turn, may synergize to enhance autophagy. This may explain the beneficial effects of light pulses combined with phytochemicals both in improving retinal structure and visual acuity. The ability of light to activate some phytochemicals may further extend such a synergism during retinal degeneration. In this way, photosensitive natural compounds may produce light-dependent beneficial antioxidant effects in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pinelli
- SERI, Switzerland Eye Research Institute, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Caterina Berti
- SERI, Switzerland Eye Research Institute, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Violet Vakunseth Bumah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee, Martin, TN 38237, USA
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
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19
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Pinelli R, Ferrucci M, Berti C, Biagioni F, Scaffidi E, Bumah VV, Busceti CL, Lenzi P, Lazzeri G, Fornai F. The Essential Role of Light-Induced Autophagy in the Inner Choroid/Outer Retinal Neurovascular Unit in Baseline Conditions and Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108979. [PMID: 37240326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article discusses the role of light in altering autophagy, both within the outer retina (retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, and the outer segment of photoreceptors) and the inner choroid (Bruch's membrane, BM, endothelial cells and the pericytes of choriocapillaris, CC). Here autophagy is needed to maintain the high metabolic requirements and to provide the specific physiological activity sub-serving the process of vision. Activation or inhibition of autophagy within RPE strongly depends on light exposure and it is concomitant with activation or inhibition of the outer segment of the photoreceptors. This also recruits CC, which provides blood flow and metabolic substrates. Thus, the inner choroid and outer retina are mutually dependent and their activity is orchestrated by light exposure in order to cope with metabolic demand. This is tuned by the autophagy status, which works as a sort of pivot in the cross-talk within the inner choroid/outer retina neurovascular unit. In degenerative conditions, and mostly during age-related macular degeneration (AMD), autophagy dysfunction occurs in this area to induce cell loss and extracellular aggregates. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the autophagy status encompassing CC, RPE and interposed BM is key to understanding the fine anatomy and altered biochemistry which underlie the onset and progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pinelli
- Switzerland Eye Research Institute (SERI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Berti
- Switzerland Eye Research Institute (SERI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Elena Scaffidi
- Switzerland Eye Research Institute (SERI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Violet Vakunseth Bumah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College of Sciences San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Carla L Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzili, Italy
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20
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Zhu C, Gao J, Lu M, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Huang Q, Wu Z, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yu WW, Hu J, Bai X. Intelligent interior atmosphere lamp system based on quantum dot LEDs for safe driving assistance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13028-13039. [PMID: 37157449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A driver safety assisting system is essential to reduce the probability of traffic accidents. But most of the existing driver safety assisting systems are simple reminders that cannot improve the driver's driving status. This paper proposes a driver safety assisting system to reduce the driver's fatigue degree by the light with different wavelengths that affect people's moods. The system consists of a camera, an image processing chip, an algorithm processing chip, and an adjustment module based on quantum dot LEDs (QLEDs). Through this intelligent atmosphere lamp system, the experimental results show that blue light reduced the driver's fatigue degree when just turned on; but as time went on, the driver's fatigue degree rebounded rapidly. Meanwhile, red light prolonged the driver's awake time. Different from blue light alone, this effect can remain stable for a long time. Based on these observations, an algorith was designed to quantify the degree of fatigue and detect its rising trend. In the early stage, the red light is used to prolong the awake time and the blue light to suppress when the fatigue value increases, so as to maximize the awake driving time. The result showed that our device prolonged the awake driving time of the drivers by 1.95 times and reduced fatigue during driving: the quantitative value of fatigue degree generally decreased by about 0.2 times. In most experiments, the subjects were able to complete four hours of safe driving, which reached the maximum length of continuous driving at night allowed by China laws. In conclusion, our system changes the assisting system from a reminder to a helper, thus effectively reducing the driving risk.
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21
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m6A Modification-Association with Oxidative Stress and Implications on Eye Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020510. [PMID: 36830067 PMCID: PMC9952187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. OS is considered to be an important factor leading to aging and a range of diseases. The eyes are highly oxygen-consuming organs. Due to its continuous exposure to ultraviolet light, the eye is particularly vulnerable to the impact of OS, leading to eye diseases such as corneal disease, cataracts, glaucoma, etc. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most investigated RNA post-transcriptional modification and participates in a variety of cellular biological processes. In this study, we review the role of m6A modification in oxidative stress-induced eye diseases and some therapeutic methods to provide a relatively overall understanding of m6A modification in oxidative stress-related eye diseases.
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22
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Ahsanuddin S, Rios HA, Otero-Marquez O, Macanian J, Zhou D, Rich C, Rosen RB. Flavoprotein fluorescence elevation is a marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress in patients with retinal disease. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1110501. [PMID: 38983095 PMCID: PMC11182218 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy have demonstrated that flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) can be utilized non-invasively as an indicator of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the retina. However, a comprehensive assessment of the validity and reliability of FPF in differentiating between healthy and diseased eyes across multiple disease states is lacking. Here, we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of FPF in discriminating between healthy and diseased eyes in four leading causes of visual impairment worldwide, one of which has not been previously evaluated using FPF. We also evaluate the association between FPF and visual acuity. Methods A total of 88 eyes [21 eyes of 21 unaffected controls, 20 eyes from 20 retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients, 20 eyes from 20 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients, 17 eyes from 17 chronic exudative age-related macular degeneration (exudative AMD) patients, and 10 eyes from 10 central serous retinopathy (CSR) patients] were included in the present cross-sectional observational study. Eyes were imaged non-invasively using a specially configured fundus camera OcuMet Beacon® (OcuSciences, Ann Arbor, MI). The macula was illuminated using a narrow bandwidth blue light (455 - 470 nm) and fluorescence was recorded using a narrow notch filter to match the peak emission of flavoproteins from 520 to 540 nm. AUROC analysis was used to determine the sensitivity of FPF in discriminating between diseased eyes and healthy eyes. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Tests with post-hoc Mann Whitney U tests with the Holm-Bonferroni correction were performed to assess differences in FPF intensity, FPF heterogeneity, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between the five groups. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between FPF and BCVA. Results AUROC analysis indicated that FPF intensity is highly sensitive for detecting disease, particularly for exudative AMD subjects (0.989; 95% CI = 0.963 - 1.000, p=3.0 x 107). A significant difference was detected between the FPF intensity, FPF heterogeneity, and BCVA in all four disease states compared to unaffected controls (Kruskal-Wallis Tests, p = 1.06 x 10-8, p = 0.002, p = 5.54 x 10-8, respectively). Compared to healthy controls, FPF intensity values were significantly higher in RVO, DR, exudative AMD, and CSR (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Spearman rank correlation coefficient between FPF intensity and BCVA was ρ = 0.595 (p = 9.62 x 10-10). Conclusions Despite variations in structural retinal findings, FPF was found to be highly sensitive for detecting retinal disease. Significant FPF elevation were seen in all four disease states, with the exudative AMD patients exhibiting the highest FPF values compared to DR, CSR, and RVO subjects. This is consistent with the hypothesis that there is elevated oxidative stress in all of these conditions as previously demonstrated by blood studies. FPF intensity is moderately correlated with the late-in disease-marker BCVA, which suggests that the degree of FPF elevation can be used as a metabolic indicator of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ahsanuddin
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hernan A. Rios
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oscar Otero-Marquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jason Macanian
- Department of Medical Education, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Davis Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Collin Rich
- OcuSciences Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard B. Rosen
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Ahn SH, Suh JS, Lim GH, Kim TJ. The Potential Effects of Light Irradiance in Glaucoma and Photobiomodulation Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020223. [PMID: 36829717 PMCID: PMC9952036 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vision is mediated by the retina, one of the most critical tissues in the central nervous system. Glaucoma is a complex retinal disease attributed to environmental, genetic, and stochastic factors, all of which contribute to its pathogenesis. Historically, glaucoma had been thought of primarily as a disease of the elderly; however, it is now becoming more problematic as the incidence rate increases among young individuals. In recent years, excessive light exposure has been suggested as contributing to the rise in glaucoma among the younger generation. Blue light induces mitochondrial apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells, causing optic damage; red light increases cytochrome c oxidase activity in the electron transport system, reducing inflammation and increasing antioxidant reactions to promote cell regeneration. In conclusion, the minimization of blue light exposure and the general application of red light treatment strategies are anticipated to show synergistic effects with existing treatments for retinal disease and glaucoma and should be considered a necessary prospect for the future. This review introduces the recent studies that support the relationship between light exposure and the onset of glaucoma and discusses new treatments, such as photobiomodulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-H.L.); (T.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2261 (T.-J.K.)
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-H.L.); (T.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2261 (T.-J.K.)
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24
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Murotomi K, Umeno A, Shichiri M, Tanito M, Yoshida Y. Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032739. [PMID: 36769060 PMCID: PMC9917472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, play an important role in the onset and progression of disease, as well as in aging. Singlet oxygen can be formed non-enzymatically by chemical, photochemical, and electron transfer reactions, or as a byproduct of endogenous enzymatic reactions in phagocytosis during inflammation. The imbalance of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant networks with the generation of singlet oxygen increases oxidative stress, resulting in the undesirable oxidation and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen production in vivo and methods for the evaluation of damage induced by singlet oxygen. The involvement of singlet oxygen in the pathogenesis of skin and eye diseases is also discussed from the biomolecular perspective. We also present our findings on lipid oxidation products derived from singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation in glaucoma, early diabetes patients, and a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Even in these diseases, oxidation products due to singlet oxygen have not been measured clinically. This review discusses their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. Recent developments in singlet oxygen scavengers such as carotenoids, which can be utilized to prevent the onset and progression of disease, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-751-8234
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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25
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Shu DY, Chaudhary S, Cho KS, Lennikov A, Miller WP, Thorn DC, Yang M, McKay TB. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act. Metabolites 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837806 PMCID: PMC9960073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen and nitrogen species. Any disruption of this balance leads to oxidative stress, which is a key pathogenic factor in several ocular diseases. In this review, we present the current evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions affecting both the anterior segment (e.g., dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract) and posterior segment (age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) of the human eye. We posit that further development of therapeutic interventions to promote pro-regenerative responses and maintenance of the redox balance may delay or prevent the progression of these major ocular pathologies. Continued efforts in this field will not only yield a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ocular diseases but also enable the identification of novel druggable redox targets and antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William P. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David C. Thorn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Han J, Yang L, Li J, Song Z, Wang T, Zhu J. Advanced liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices for light protection applications: principles and strategies. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36593244 PMCID: PMC9807646 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of optical technologies, transparent materials that provide protection from light have received considerable attention from scholars. As important channels for external light, windows play a vital role in the regulation of light in buildings, vehicles, and aircrafts. There is a need for windows with switchable optical properties to prevent or attenuate damage or interference to the human eye and light-sensitive instruments by inappropriate optical radiation. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs), owing to their rich responsiveness and unique optical properties, have been considered among the best candidates for advanced light protection materials. In this review, we provide an overview of advances in research on LC-based methods for protection against light. First, we introduce the characteristics of different light sources and their protection requirements. Second, we introduce several classes of light modulation principles based on liquid crystal materials and demonstrate the feasibility of using them for light protection. In addition, we discuss current light protection strategies based on liquid crystal materials for different applications. Finally, we discuss the problems and shortcomings of current strategies. We propose several suggestions for the development of liquid crystal materials in the field of light protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zicheng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Energy Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150080, China.
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27
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Li X, Zhu S, Qi F. Blue light pollution causes retinal damage and degeneration by inducing ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112617. [PMID: 36495671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the development of technology and electronic products, the problem of light pollution is becoming more and more serious. Blue light, the most energetic light in visible light, is the main culprit of teenage vision problems in the modern environment. As the tissue with the highest oxygen consumption, the retina is vulnerable to oxidative stress. However, the exact way in which blue light-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause retinal cell death remains unclear. Ferroptosis is a newly defined cell death pathway, whose core molecular mechanism is cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation. In this study, the results indicated that blue light-triggered ROS burst in retinal cells, in the meantime, intracellular Fe2+ levels were also significantly up-regulated. Further, deferoxamine (DFO) significantly improved blue light-triggered lipid peroxidation and cell death in ARPE-19 cells, and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) alleviated retinal oxidative stress and degeneration in rats. Furthermore, the GSH-GPX4 and FSP1-CoQ10-NADH systems served as key systems for cellular defense against ferroptosis, and interestingly, our results demonstrated that blue light triggered imbalance of the GSH-GPX4 and FSP1-CoQ10-NADH systems in retinal cells. Taken together, these pieces of evidence suggest that ferroptosis may be a crucial pathway for blue light-induced retinal damage and degeneration, which helps us to understand exactly why blue light pollution causes visual impairment in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Fujian Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Nie J, Xu N, Chen Z, Huang L, Jiao F, Chen Y, Pan Z, Deng C, Zhang H, Dong B, Li J, Tao T, Kang X, Chen W, Wang Q, Tong Y, Zhao M, Zhang G, Shen B. More light components and less light damage on rats’ eyes: evidence for the photobiomodulation and spectral opponency. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 22:809-824. [PMID: 36527588 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blue-light hazard (BLH) has raised concerns with the increasing applications of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Many researchers believed that the shorter wavelength or more light components generally resulted in more severe retinal damage. In this study, based on the conventional phosphor-coated white LED, we added azure (484 nm), cyan (511 nm), and red (664 nm) light to fabricate the low-hazard light source. The low-hazard light sources and conventional white LED illuminated 68 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 7 days. Before and after light exposure, we measured the retinal function, thickness of retinal layers, and fundus photographs. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and the activities of oxidation-related biochemical indicators were also measured to investigate the mechanisms of damaging or protecting the retina. With the same correlated color temperature (CCT), the low-hazard light source results in significantly less damage on the retinal function and photoreceptors, even if it has two times illuminance and blue-light hazard-weighted irradiance ([Formula: see text]) than conventional white LED. The results illustrated that [Formula: see text] proposed by IEC 62471 could not exactly evaluate the light damage on rats' retinas. We also figured out that more light components could result in less light damage, which provided evidence for the photobiomodulation (PBM) and spectral opponency on light damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11, Xizhimennan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Semiconductor of PKU, Gao'an, 330800, Jiangxi, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11, Xizhimennan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Fei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zuojian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chuhan Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Boyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11, Xizhimennan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tianchang Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11, Xizhimennan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiangning Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhen Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Semiconductor of PKU, Gao'an, 330800, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 11, Xizhimennan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Guoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, No. 209, Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
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Grossini E, Venkatesan S, Alkabes M, Toma C, de Cillà S. Membrane Blue Dual Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells/Ganglion Cells-Like through Modulation of Mitochondria Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2854. [PMID: 36359372 PMCID: PMC9687626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent data highlight the greater protective effects exerted by Membrane Blue Dual (MBD), a precise analysis of the mechanisms of action is missing. We examined the effects of MBD with/without polyethylene glycol (PEG) on both human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and retinal ganglion cells-like (RGC-5) cultured in the presence/absence of ultraviolet B (UVB) treatment on mitochondria function, oxidants, and apoptosis. In ARPE-19/RGC-5 cells either treated or not with UVB, the effects of MBD with/without PEG were evaluated by specific assays for viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) release. Annexin V was used to detect apoptosis, whereas trypan blue and the scratch assay were used for proliferation/migration. In both physiologic conditions and in the presence of UVB, MBD with/without PEG increased cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation and migration in both ARPE-19 and RGC-5 cells. In general, the effects of MBD with PEG were greater than those caused by MBD without PEG. Our results suggest that, in particular, MBD with PEG is a safe and effective dye for vitreoretinal surgery through the modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- AGING Project Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Micol Alkabes
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Caterina Toma
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano de Cillà
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University East Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Rzhechitskiy Y, Gurkov A, Bolbat N, Shchapova E, Nazarova A, Timofeyev M, Borvinskaya E. Adipose Fin as a Natural “Optical Window” for Implantation of Fluorescent Sensors into Salmonid Fish. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213042. [PMID: 36359166 PMCID: PMC9654777 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Novel optical sensors require implantation into the most transparent organs in order to ensure the most reliable and rapid monitoring of animal health. Widely farmed salmonid fish, such as rainbow trout, have highly translucent adipose fin, which we tested here and showed its high potential as the implantation site for the fluorescent sensors. The filamentous sensors were convenient to inject into the fin, and their optical signal was easily detectable using a simple hand-held device even without immobilization of the fish. Responsiveness of the sensors inside the adipose fin to bodily changes was shown under induced acidosis of fish fluids. The obtained results characterize adipose fin as the favorable site for implantation of optical sensors into salmonids for real-time tracking animal physiological status in basic research and aquaculture. Abstract Implantable optical sensors are emerging tools that have the potential to enable constant real-time monitoring of various internal physiological parameters. Such a possibility will open new horizons for health control not only in medicine, but also in animal husbandry, including aquaculture. In this study, we analyze different organs of commonly farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as implantation sites for fluorescent sensors and propose the adipose fin, lacking an endoskeleton, as the optimal choice. The fin is highly translucent due to significantly thinner dermis, which makes the detectable fluorescence of an implanted sensor operating at the visible light range by more than an order of magnitude higher relative to the skin. Compared to the proximal parts of ray fins, the adipose fin provides easy implantation and visualization of the sensor. Finally, we tested fluorescent pH sensors inside the adipose fin and demonstrated the possibility of acquiring their signal with a simple hand-held device and without fish anesthesia. All these features will most likely make the adipose fin the main “window” into the internal physiological processes of salmonid fish with the help of implantable optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Gurkov
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Bolbat
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Shchapova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anna Nazarova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Borvinskaya
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6881322. [PMID: 36124087 PMCID: PMC9482536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6881322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in technology have resulted in increasing concerns over the safety of eye exposure to light illumination, since prolonged exposure to intensive visible light, especially to short-wavelength light in the visible spectrum, can cause photochemical damage to the retina through a photooxidation-triggered cascade reaction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the ribozyme responsible for repairing DNA damage. When damage to DNA occurs, including nicks and breaks, PARP-1 is rapidly activated, synthesizing a large amount of PAR and recruiting other nuclear factors to repair the damaged DNA. However, retinal photochemical damage may lead to the overactivation of PARP-1, triggering PARP-dependent cell death, including parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we retrieved targeted articles with the keywords such as “PARP-1,” “photoreceptor,” “retinal light damage,” and “photooxidation” from databases and summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal photooxidation, PARP activation, and DNA repair to clarify the key regulatory role of PARP-1 in retinal light injury and to determine whether PARP-1 may be a potential marker in response to retinal photooxidation. The highly sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity may facilitate early evaluation of the effects of light on the retina, which will provide an evidentiary basis for the future assessment of the safety of light illumination from optoelectronic products and medical devices.
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Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency Induces Apoptosis Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the CHOP Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163356. [PMID: 36014863 PMCID: PMC9414855 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin is an essential micronutrient and a precursor of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide for maintaining cell homeostasis. Riboflavin deficiency (RD) induces cell apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered to induce apoptosis, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is a key pathway involved in this process. However, whether RD-induced apoptosis is mediated by ER stress and the CHOP pathway remains unclear and needs further investigation. Therefore, the current study presents the effect of RD on ER stress and apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Firstly, cells were cultured in a RD medium (4.55 nM riboflavin) and a control (CON) medium (1005 nM riboflavin). We conducted an observation of cell microstructure characterization and determining apoptosis. Subsequently, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, was used in HepG2 cells to investigate the role of ER stress in RD-induced apoptosis. Finally, CHOP siRNA was transfected into HepG2 cells to validate whether RD triggered ER stress-mediated apoptosis by the CHOP pathway. The results show that RD inhibited cell proliferation and caused ER stress, as well as increased the expression of ER stress markers (CHOP, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, activating transcription factor 6) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RD increased the cell apoptosis rate, enhanced the expression of proapoptotic markers (B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X, Caspase 3), and decreased the expression of the antiapoptotic marker (B-cell lymphoma 2) (p < 0.05). The 4-PBA treatment and CHOP knockdown markedly alleviated RD-induced cell apoptosis. These results demonstrate that RD induces cell apoptosis by triggering ER stress and the CHOP pathway.
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Wong NA, Bahmani H. A review of the current state of research on artificial blue light safety as it applies to digital devices. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10282. [PMID: 36042717 PMCID: PMC9420367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is necessary for human health and well-being. As we spend more time indoors, we are being increasingly exposed to artificial light. The development of artificial lighting has allowed us to control the brightness, colour, and timing of our light exposure. Yet, the widespread use of artificial light has raised concerns about the impact of altering our light environment on our health. The widespread adoption of personal digital devices over the past decade has exposed us to yet another source of artificial light. We spend a significant amount of time using digital devices with light-emitting screens, including smartphones and tablets, at close range. The light emitted from these devices, while appearing white, has an emission spectrum with a peak in the blue range. Blue light is often characterised as hazardous as its photon energy is higher than that of other wavelengths of visible light. Under certain conditions, visible blue light can cause harm to the retina and other ocular structures. Blue light can also influence the circadian rhythm and processes mediated by melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. While the blue component of sunlight is necessary for various physiological processes, whether the low-illuminance artificial blue light emitted from digital devices presents a risk to our health remains an ongoing area of debate. As technological advancements continue, it is relevant to understand how new devices may influence our well-being. This review examines the existing research on artificial blue light safety and the eye, visual performance, and circadian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Bahmani
- Dopavision GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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Song Y, Yang J, Law AD, Hendrix DA, Kretzschmar D, Robinson M, Giebultowicz JM. Age-dependent effects of blue light exposure on lifespan, neurodegeneration, and mitochondria physiology in Drosophila melanogaster. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:11. [PMID: 35927421 PMCID: PMC9329351 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blue light is a predominant component of light emitting devices (LEDs), which are increasingly present in our environment. There is already accumulating evidence that blue light exposure causes damage to retinal cells in vitro and in vivo; however, much less is known about potential effects of blue light on non-retinal cells. That blue light may be detrimental at the organismal level independent from retinal effect was recently shown by findings that it reduces lifespan in worms and also in flies with genetically ablated retinas. Here, we investigated the effects of blue light exposure across the fly lifespan and found that susceptibility to blue light stress is strongly age-dependent. The blue light of the same intensity and duration reduced survival and increased neurodegeneration more significantly in old flies than in young flies. These differences appear to be caused, at least in part, by impairments of mitochondrial respiratory function. We report that blue light significantly reduces the activity of Complex II in the electron transport system and decrease the biochemical activity of succinate dehydrogenase in both young and old flies. In addition, complex I and complex IV activities are reduced by age, as are ATP levels. We therefore propose that older flies are more sensitive to blue light because the light-induced mitochondrial damage potentiates the age-related impairments in energy metabolism that occurs even in darkness. Taken together, our results show that damaging effects of blue light at the organismal level are strongly age dependent and are associated with reduced activity of specific components of energy producing pathways in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Song
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alexander D Law
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Matthew Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Dietary vitamins, carotenoids and their sources in relation to age-related macular degeneration risk in China: a population-based case-control study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1804-1811. [PMID: 35894297 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies have suggested that antioxidants have beneficial effects on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study aimed to investigate the association between the types and sources of dietary vitamin and carotenoid intakes and AMD risk in China. A matched case-control study of 260 AMD cases and 260 matched controls was performed. The participants were interviewed for dietary information and potential confounders, and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed. Conditional logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of specific vitamins and carotenoids and their main sources. When comparing the extreme quartiles, the ORs (95 % CI) were 0·30 (0·10, 0·88) for lutein and 0·28 (0·11, 0·74) for β-cryptoxanthin. The associations for other dietary vitamin and carotenoid intakes were generally weaker and non-significant. Higher intakes of spinach and egg, which are important sources of lutein, were associated with a reduced odds of AMD. ORs (95% CIs) comparing extreme categories were 0·42 (0·20, 0·88) for spinach and 0·52 (95% CI: 0·27, 0·98) for egg. Participants who were in the highest category of both egg intake and spinach intake had a much greater reduced odds of having AMD (OR: 0·23; 95% CI: 0·08, 0·71) than those in the lowest category of egg intake and spinach intake. In conclusion, a higher intake of lutein and lutein-rich foods was associated with a significantly decreased odds of AMD. These findings provide further evidence of the benefits of lutein and lutein-rich foods in the prevention of AMD.
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Price RB, Labrie D, Sullivan B, Sliney DH. The potential 'Blue Light Hazard' from LED Headlamps. J Dent 2022; 125:104226. [PMID: 35872222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dental personnel use light-emitting diode (LED) headlamps for hours every day. The potential retinal 'blue light hazard' from these white light headlamps is unknown. METHODS The spectral radiant powers received from direct and indirect viewing of an electronic tablet, an LED curing light, a halogen headlamp, and 6 brands of LED headlamps were measured using integrating spheres attached to fiberoptic spectroradiometers. The spectral radiant powers were measured both directly and indirectly at a 35 cm distance, and the maximum daily exposure times (tMAX) were calculated. RESULTS The headlamps emitted very different radiant powers, emission spectra, and color temperatures (K). The total powers emitted at zero distance ranged from 47 mW from the halogen headlamp to 378 mW from the most powerful LED headlamp. The color temperatures from the headlamps ranged from 3098 K to 7253 K. The tMAX exposure times in an 8-hour day when the headlamps were viewed directly at a distance of 35 cm were: 810 s from the halogen headlamp, 53 to 220 s from the LED headlamps, and 62 s from the LED curing light. Light from the LED headlamps that was reflected back from a white reference tile 35 cm away did not exceed the maximum permissible exposure time for healthy adults. Using a blue dental dam increased the amount of reflected blue light, but tMAX was still greater than 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS White light LED headlamps emit very different spectra, and they all increase the retinal 'blue light hazard' compared to a halogen source. When the headlamps were viewed directly at a distance of 35 cm, the 'blue light hazard' from some headlamps was greater than from an LED curing light. Depending on the headlamp brand, tMAX could be reached after only 53s. The light from the LED headlamps that was reflected back from a white surface that was 35 cm away did not exceed the maximum permissible ocular exposure limits for healthy adults. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reflected white light from dental headlamps does not pose a blue light hazard for healthy adults. Direct viewing may be hazardous, but the hazard can be prevented by using the appropriate blue-light-blocking glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Price
- Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Daniel Labrie
- Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Braden Sullivan
- Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David H Sliney
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Souza SO, Raposo BL, Sarmento-Neto JF, Rebouças JS, Macêdo DPC, Figueiredo RCBQ, Santos BS, Freitas AZ, Cabral Filho PE, Ribeiro MS, Fontes A. Photoinactivation of Yeast and Biofilm Communities of Candida albicans Mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ Porphyrin. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060556. [PMID: 35736039 PMCID: PMC9225021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the main cause of superficial candidiasis. While the antifungals available are defied by biofilm formation and resistance emergence, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) arises as an alternative antifungal therapy. The tetracationic metalloporphyrin Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+) has high photoefficiency and improved cellular interactions. We investigated the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a photosensitizer (PS) to photoinactivate yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans strains (ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028) using a blue light-emitting diode. The photoinactivation of yeasts was evaluated by quantifying the colony forming units. The aPDI of ATCC 90028 biofilms was assessed by the MTT assay, propidium iodide (PI) labeling, and scanning electron microscopy. Mammalian cytotoxicity was investigated in Vero cells using MTT assay. The aPDI (4.3 J/cm2) promoted eradication of yeasts at 0.8 and 1.5 µM of PS for ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028, respectively. At 0.8 µM and same light dose, aPDI-treated biofilms showed intense PI labeling, about 89% decrease in the cell viability, and structural alterations with reduced hyphae. No considerable toxicity was observed in mammalian cells. Our results introduce the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a promising PS to photoinactivate both yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans, stimulating studies with other Candida species and resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueden O. Souza
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Bruno L. Raposo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
| | - José F. Sarmento-Neto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.F.S.-N.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Júlio S. Rebouças
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.F.S.-N.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Danielle P. C. Macêdo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (D.P.C.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Regina C. B. Q. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil;
| | - Beate S. Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (D.P.C.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Anderson Z. Freitas
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.F.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Paulo E. Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
| | - Martha S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.F.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (B.L.R.); (P.E.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (A.F.)
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Zhu S, Li X, Dang B, Wu F, Gou K, Wang C, Lin C. Hydrogen sulfide protects retina from blue light-induced photodamage and degeneration via inhibiting ROS-mediated ER stress-CHOP apoptosis signal. Redox Rep 2022; 27:100-110. [PMID: 35482945 PMCID: PMC9067965 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2069534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a small reducing gas molecule with various biological functions such as anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of exogenous H2S in the experimental models of retinal photodamage in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Rats with open eyelids were pretreated with H2S (80~120 μmol/kg) for 10 days and then continuously exposed to blue light (435~445nm, 11.2W/m2) for 8 h to establish in vivo experimental model. ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with H2S and then exposed to blue light to establish in vitro experimental model. Results: In vivo experiments, H2S significantly ameliorated blue light-induced retinal oxidative stress, apoptosis and degeneration. Moreover, H2S inhibited the activation of blue light-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress CHOP apoptotic signaling. In vitro experiments, H2S improved blue light-induced oxidative stress and oxidative damage. H2S inhibited ROS-mediated activation of ER stress CHOP apoptotic signaling. H2S alleviated blue light-induced apoptosis and increases cell viability. The ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA alleviated blue light-induced apoptosis and increases cell viability. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that H2S can inhibit ROS-mediated ER stress-CHOP apoptosis signal, thereby alleviating blue light-triggered retinal apoptosis and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Dang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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The Molecular Mechanism of Retina Light Injury Focusing on Damage from Short Wavelength Light. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8482149. [PMID: 35498134 PMCID: PMC9042598 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8482149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural visible light is an electromagnetic wave composed of a spectrum of monochromatic wavelengths, each with a characteristic color. Photons are the basic units of light, and their wavelength correlates to the energy of light; short-wavelength photons carry high energy. The retina is a fragile neuronal tissue that senses light and generates visual signals conducted to the brain. However, excessive and intensive light exposure will cause retinal light damage. Within the visible spectrum, short-wavelength light, such as blue light, carries higher energy, and thus the retinal injury, is more significant when exposed to these wavelengths. The damage mechanism triggered by different short-wavelength light varies due to photons carrying different energy and being absorbed by different photosensitive molecules in the retinal neurons. However, photooxidation might be a common molecular step to initiate cell death. Herein, we summarize the historical understanding of light, the key molecular steps related to retinal light injury, and the death pathways of photoreceptors to further decipher the molecular mechanism of retinal light injury and explore potential neuroprotective strategies.
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Khmelinskii I, Makarov VI. Photo-activation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 228:112376. [PMID: 35121525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ATP production by mitochondria isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells was accelerated upon both direct and indirect mitochondrial photo-activation (MPA). The extent of direct MPA was dependent on the wavelength of excitation light. Direct MPA was created by light in cytochrome c spectral absorption bands (440, 520 and 550 nm), this light was absorbed producing electronically excited cytochrome c, and the excitation energy of the latter was used in the ATP production chain. The activity of cytochrome c was tested with 600 nm light, where cytochrome c does not absorb, and thus ATP production rate remained the same as in darkness. Note that ATP production rates were significantly larger under light at 550, 520 and 440 nm. Therefore, photo-activation of cytochrome c was the first step of MPA synthesis of ATP. Indirect MPA of ATP production also proceeded via electronically excited cytochrome c, by energy transfer from electronically excited Co/BN film to cytochrome c located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Co/BN excitons were generated by photons absorbed by the Co/BN film, which was not in contact with the mitochondrial sample. Next, these excitons propagated along the Co/BN film to the part of the film that was in contact with the mitochondrial sample. There the exciton energy was transferred to cytochrome c located in the IMM, producing electronically excited cytochrome c. Thus, excited cytochrome c was generated in a way different from that of direct MPA. Next, the energy of excited cytochrome c was used in activated ATP synthesis, with virtually the same effect for 519 and 427 nm excitation. Thus, the first step of ATP synthesis in indirect MPA was the exciton energy transfer from Co/BN film to cytochrome c located in the IMM, producing an electronically excited cytochrome c molecule. A phenomenological mechanism of direct and indirect MPA was proposed, and the model parameters were obtained by fitting the model to the experimental data. However, more information is needed before the detailed mechanism of ATP synthesis activation by electronically excited cytochrome c could be understood. The present results support the earlier proposed hypothesis of indirect MPA of ATP production in vertebrate retina in daylight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khmelinskii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Center of Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Telecommunications, University of Algarve, Portugal
| | - Vladimir I Makarov
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, USA.
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Ziólkowska N, Chmielewska-Krzesinska M, Vyniarska A, Sienkiewicz W. Exposure to Blue Light Reduces Melanopsin Expression in Intrinsically Photoreceptive Retinal Ganglion Cells and Damages the Inner Retina in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 35060997 PMCID: PMC8787613 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigative the effects of blue light on intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Methods Brown Norway rats were used. Nine rats were continuously exposed to blue light (light emitting diodes [LEDs]: 463 nm; 1000 lx) for 2 days (acute exposure [AE]); 9 rats were exposed to 12 hours of blue light and 12 hours of darkness for 10 days (long-term exposure [LTE]); 6 control rats were exposed to 12 hours of white fluorescent light (1000 lx) and 12 hours of darkness for 10 days. Whole-mount retinas were immunolabelled with melanopsin antibodies; melanopsin-positive (MP) ipRGC somas and processes were counted and measured with Neuron J. To detect apoptosis, retinal cryo-sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Ultra-thin sections were visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Results The number of MP ipRGC somas was significantly lower in retinas from AE and LTE rats than in those from control rats (P < 0.001 and = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of MP areas of processes was significantly lower in AE rats (P < 0.001). AE rats had severe retinal damage and massive apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer; their mitochondria were damaged in the axons and dendrites of the nerve fiber layer and the inner plexiform layer. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in AE rats appeared to have reduced amounts of free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions AE to blue light reduces melanopsin expression and damages RGCs, likely including ipRGCs. Changes in the axons and dendrites of RGCs suggest possible disruption of intraretinal and extraretinal signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ziólkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesinska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alla Vyniarska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary and Biotechnologies, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Waldemar Sienkiewicz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Fernández-Vega Cueto A, Del Olmo-Aguado S, García-Pérez E, Rodriguez-Uña I, Fernández-Vega Cueto L, Suárez-Barrio C, Alfonso JF, Fernández-Vega L, Merayo-Lloves J. Protector role of intraocular lenses under artificial light conditions. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 65:276-286. [PMID: 34883496 DOI: 10.1159/000521306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this work is to analyse, in an in vitro model, the possible protective effects of ultraviolet- (UV-) or UV/ blue-filtering intraocular lens (IOLs) under LED lighting conditions. METHODS 10 models of IOLs were evaluated. Light transmission spectrum was recorded from 300 to 800 nm, in steps of 1 nm. Photodamage in vitro model was induced in ARPE-19 cells by blue LED light (465-475 nm). Changes in cell viability and oxidative stress variables were studied to assess the protective effect of IOLs. RESULTS UV/blue-filtering IOLs models block blue light spectrum in different proportion and UV-filtering IOLs blocking wavelength below 400 nm. However, in vitro study under blue LED light exposure does not show protective effects related with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress of UV/blue-filtering IOLs. CONCLUSIONS The current in vitro study suggest that UV/blue filtering IOLs are not useful in terms of photoprotection in artificial light conditions. The results obtained indicate that it is needed to give attention to other IOLs parameters besides the type of filter, as it seems they could have influence also protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández-Vega Cueto
- University Institute Fernández Vega, Ophthalmologic Research Foundation, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- University Institute Fernández Vega, Ophthalmologic Research Foundation, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- University Institute Fernández Vega, Ophthalmologic Research Foundation, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlota Suárez-Barrio
- University Institute Fernández Vega, Ophthalmologic Research Foundation, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - José F Alfonso
- Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega
- University Institute Fernández Vega, Ophthalmologic Research Foundation, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- University Institute Fernández Vega, Ophthalmologic Research Foundation, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Retinal Protection from LED-Backlit Screen Lights by Short Wavelength Absorption Filters. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113248. [PMID: 34831470 PMCID: PMC8618415 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ocular exposure to intense light or long-time exposure to low-intensity short-wavelength lights may cause eye injury. Excessive levels of blue light induce photochemical damage to the retinal pigment and degeneration of photoreceptors of the outer segments. Currently, people spend a lot of time watching LED screens that emit high proportions of blue light. This study aims to assess the effects of light emitted by LED tablet screens on pigmented rat retinas with and without optical filters. (2) Methods: Commercially available tablets were used for exposure experiments on three groups of rats. One was exposed to tablet screens, the other was exposed to the tablet screens with a selective filter and the other was a control group. Structure, gene expression (including life/death, extracellular matrix degradation, growth factors, and oxidative stress related genes), and immunohistochemistry in the retina were compared among groups. (3) Results: There was a reduction of the thickness of the external nuclear layer and changes in the genes involved in cell survival and death, extracellular matrix turnover, growth factors, inflammation, and oxidative stress, leading decrease in cell density and retinal damage in the first group. Modulation of gene changes was observed when the LED light of screens was modified with an optical filter. (4) Conclusions: The use of short-wavelength selective filters on the screens contribute to reduce LED light-induced damage in the rat retina.
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Hu L, Xu G. Potential Protective Role of TRPM7 and Involvement of PKC/ERK Pathway in Blue Light-Induced Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Vitro. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:572-578. [PMID: 34789674 PMCID: PMC8673846 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Blue light triggers apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and causes retinal damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) in photodamaged RPE cells. METHODS RPE cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and exposed to varying intensities of blue light (500-5000 lux) in vitro. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity were respectively assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyze the TRPM7, protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Bcl2-associated x/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels. The cells were transfected with TRPM7 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or transduced with TRPM7-overexpressing lentiviruses and cultured with or without the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). RESULTS Blue light inhibited the proliferation and metabolic activity of RPE cells in an intensity-dependent manner when compared to nonirradiated controls (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, photodamaged RPE cells showed decreased levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax, and an increase in Bcl-2 levels (P < 0.01). Forced expression of TRPM7 partially rescued the proliferative capacity of RPE cells (P < 0.01) and restored the levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax (P < 0.01), whereas TRPM7 knockdown had the opposite effects (P < 0.01). TRPM7 and PEDF synergistically alleviated the damaging effects of blue light. CONCLUSIONS Blue light triggers apoptosis of RPE cells, and its deleterious effects can be partially attenuated by the synergistic action of TRPM7 and PEDF via the PKC/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City 350005, China
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Campello L, Singh N, Advani J, Mondal AK, Corso-Díaz X, Swaroop A. Aging of the Retina: Molecular and Metabolic Turbulences and Potential Interventions. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2021; 7:633-664. [PMID: 34061570 PMCID: PMC11375453 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100419-114940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multifaceted and divergent manifestations across tissues and cell types have curtailed advances in deciphering the cellular events that accompany advanced age and contribute to morbidities and mortalities. Increase in human lifespan during the past century has heightened awareness of the need to prevent age-associated frailty of neuronal and sensory systems to allow a healthy and productive life. In this review, we discuss molecular and physiological attributes of aging of the retina, with a goal of understanding age-related impairment of visual function. We highlight the epigenome-metabolism nexus and proteostasis as key contributors to retinal aging and discuss lifestyle changes as potential modulators of retinal function. Finally, we deliberate promising intervention strategies for promoting healthy aging of the retina for improved vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campello
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Anupam K Mondal
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Ximena Corso-Díaz
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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Muste JC, Russell MW, Singh RP. Photobiomodulation Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:3709-3720. [PMID: 34511875 PMCID: PMC8421781 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s272327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) has emerged as a possible treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This review seeks to summarize the application of PBT in AMD and DR. Methods The National Clinical Trial (NCT) database and PubMed were queried using a literature search strategy and reviewed by the authors. Results Fourteen studies examining the application of PBT for AMD and nine studies examining the application of PBT for diabetic macular edema (DME) were extracted from 60 candidate publications. Discussion Despite notable methodological differences between studies, PBT has been reported to treat certain DR and AMD patients. DR patients with center involving DME and VA ≥ 20/25 have demonstrated response to treatment. AMD patients at Age-Related Eye Disease Study Stages 2–4 with VA ≥20/200 have also shown response to treatment. Results of major clinical trials are pending. Conclusion PBT remains an emergent therapy with possible applications in DR and AMD. Further, high powered studies monitored by a neutral party with standard devices, treatment delivery and treatment timing are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Muste
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew W Russell
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rishi P Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Orhan C, Gencoglu H, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Morde AA, Padigaru M, Sahin K. Allyl isothiocyanate attenuates LED light-induced retinal damage in rats: exploration for the potential molecular mechanisms. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:376-386. [PMID: 34493133 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1978478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Environmental light pollution due to artificial light may increase the rate and severity of retinal diseases, and plant-based nutritional interventions with antioxidant properties have the potential to reverse this phenomenon. We aimed to investigate the potential effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against white light-emitting diode (LED)-induced retinal degeneration (RD) in the rats. METHODS Twenty-eight male rats were allocated as: (i) Control, (ii) LED, (iii) LED + AITC (10 mg/kg BW), (iv) LED + AITC (20 mg/kg BW). Rats were administered with AITC for 28 days, followed by two days of intense environmental LED light (750 Lux) exposure to the eyes. Animals were sacrificed immediately at the end of the study, then the blood and eyeballs were taken for the biochemical, western blotting, and histopathology examinations. RESULTS AITC lowered the serum and retina malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while significantly (p < 0.05) improving the retinal antioxidant enzyme activities in a dose-dependent manner. AITC improved retinal and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness as compared to the LED group (p < 0.05). AITC increased the levels of Bax, caspase-3, HO-1, GAP43, and VEGF, while decreasing IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, Bcl-2, GFAP, Grp78, activating ATF4 and ATF6 as compared to the LED group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, four weeks of AITC administration to the rats showed specific protective effects against two days of intense LED light-induced retinal damage; through antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and modulating mitochondrial metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gencoglu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Kam JH, Hogg C, Fosbury R, Shinhmar H, Jeffery G. Mitochondria are specifically vulnerable to 420nm light in drosophila which undermines their function and is associated with reduced fly mobility. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257149. [PMID: 34478469 PMCID: PMC8415596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased blue light exposure has become a matter of concern as it has a range of detrimental effects, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Mitochondria absorb short wavelength light but have a specific absorbance at 420nm at the lower end of the human visual range. This 420nm absorption is probably due to the presence of porphyrin. We examine the impact of 420nm exposure on drosophila melanogaster mitochondria and its impact on fly mobility. Daily 15 mins exposures for a week significantly reduced mitochondrial complex activities and increased mitochondrial inner membrane permeability, which is a key metric of mitochondrial health. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were not significantly reduced and mobility was unchanged. There are multiple options for energy/time exposure combinations, but we then applied single 420nm exposure of 3h to increase the probability of an effect on ATP and mobility, and both were significantly reduced. ATP and mitochondrial membrane permeability recovered and over corrected at 72h post exposure. However, despite this, normal mobility did not return. Hence, the effect of short wavelengths on mitochondrial function is to reduce complex activity and increasing membrane permeability, but light exposure to reduce ATP and to translate into reduced mobility needs to be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Hoh Kam
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hogg
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Fosbury
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet Shinhmar
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Jeffery
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Powner MB, Priestley G, Hogg C, Jeffery G. Improved mitochondrial function corrects immunodeficiency and impaired respiration in neonicotinoid exposed bumblebees. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256581. [PMID: 34437613 PMCID: PMC8389381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides undermine pollinating insects including bumblebees. However, we have previously shown that mitochondrial damage induced by neonicotinoids can be corrected by 670nm light exposure. But we do not know if this protection extends to immunity or what the minimum effective level of 670nm light exposure is necessary for protection. We use whole body bee respiration in vivo as a metric of neonicotinoid damage and assess the amount of light exposure needed to correct it. We reveal that only 1 min of 670nm exposure is sufficient to correct respiratory deficits induced by pesticide and that this also completely repairs damaged immunocompetence measured by haemocyte counts and the antibacterial action of hemolymph. Further, this single 1 min exposure remains effective for 3–6 days. Longer exposures were not more effective. Such data are key for development of protective light strategies that can be delivered by relatively small economic devices placed in hives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barry Powner
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, City University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Hogg
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Jeffery
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Anitua E, de la Sen-Corcuera B, Orive G, Sánchez-Ávila RM, Heredia P, Muruzabal F, Merayo-Lloves J. Progress in the use of plasma rich in growth factors in ophthalmology: from ocular surface to ocular fundus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:31-45. [PMID: 34275392 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1945030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of blood derivatives and especially Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), for regenerative purposes has been a common trend along the last decades in the field of oral surgery, dermatology, orthopedics, and more recently in ophthalmology.Areas covered: PRGF is a type of platelet-rich plasma that is being explored for the treatment of ocular injuries. The present review article highlights 50 ophthalmology-related publications about the application of PRGF in the treatment of acute and chronic pathologies in ophthalmology as well as most relevant challenges and future prospects.Expert opinion: PRGF technology provides a wide range of formulations that can be used therapeutically in many different acute and chronic ocular pathologies. In addition to eye drops enriched with autologous growth factors, PRGF enables the preparation of both immunologically safe and fibrin-based formulations. Recent advances in the field have promoted PRGF storage for 12 months under freezing conditions, its daily use for 7 days at room temperature and the freeze-dried formulation. The thermally treated immunosafe formulation has shown promising clinical results for the treatment of several diseases such as Sjögren syndrome, graft versus host disease or cicatrizing conjunctivitis. In addition, several fibrin formulations have been preclinically evaluated and clinically incorporated as an adjuvant to ocular surface or glaucoma surgeries, dermal fat graft procedures, limbal stem cell expansion and retinal surgeries. The present review explores the latest scientific and clinical data, current challenges, and main prospects of this technology for the treatment of several ocular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anitua
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - B de la Sen-Corcuera
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - G Orive
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain.,NanoBioCel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Oviedo, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - R M Sánchez-Ávila
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - P Heredia
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - F Muruzabal
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - J Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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