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Li L, Liu P, Lv X, Yu T, Jin X, Wang R, Xie X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Saiyin W. Ablation of FAM20C caused short root defects via suppressing the BMP signaling pathway in mice. J Orofac Orthop 2023; 84:349-361. [PMID: 35316352 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Short root defects are prone to cause various periodontal diseases and lead to tooth loss in some serious cases. Studies about the mechanisms governing the development of the root are needed for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of short root defects. The protein family with sequence similarity 20 group C (FAM20C) is a Golgi casein kinase that has been well studied in the development of tooth crown formation. However, whether FAM20C plays a role in the development of tooth root is still unknown. Thus, we generated Sox2-Cre;Fam20cfl/fl (cKO) mice, in which Fam20c was ablated in both the dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme, and found that the cKO mice showed severe short root defects mainly by inhibiting the development of dental mesenchyme in the root region. In this investigation, we found morphological changes and differentiation defects, with reduced expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in odontoblasts of the root region in cKO mice. Furthermore, the proliferation rate of apical papillary cells was reduced in the root of cKO mice. In addition, the levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and phospho-Smad1/5/8, and that of Osterix and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), two downstream target molecules of the BMP signaling pathway, were significantly reduced in the root of cKO mice. These results indicate that FAM20C plays an essential role in the development of the root by regulating the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuechao Lv
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianliang Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingai Jin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 82 Zhongshan Road, Xiangfang, 150036, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingqun Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wuliji Saiyin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Road, Nangang, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Liu Q, Gao Y, He J. Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs): Past, Present, Prospects, and Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2047. [PMID: 37509686 PMCID: PMC10377451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental diseases occurring on young permanent teeth usually lead to the premature arrest of tooth root development. Sustained tooth root elongation is necessary to achieve the goal of long-term preservation of affected teeth. To this end, stem cell-based regenerative endodontic treatment has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies for treating young permanent teeth with pulp and periapical infections. Endogenous stem cells residing in the apical papilla, named stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs), have been intensively investigated due to their critical roles in pulp regeneration and root redevelopment. The present review summarizes advances in the field of SCAPs studies and discusses the challenges that need to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Hsiao HY, Nien CY, Hong HH, Cheng MH, Yen TH. Application of dental stem cells in three-dimensional tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1610-1624. [PMID: 34909114 PMCID: PMC8641025 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells can differentiate into different types of cells. Dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, and dental follicle progenitor cells are five different types of dental stem cells that have been identified during different stages of tooth development. The availability of dental stem cells from discarded or removed teeth makes them promising candidates for tissue engineering. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds have been used to reconstruct and restore different anatomical defects. With rapid advances in 3D tissue engineering, dental stem cells have been used in the regeneration of 3D engineered tissue. This review presents an overview of different types of dental stem cells used in 3D tissue regeneration, which are currently the most common type of stem cells used to treat human tissue conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Nien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hsi Hong
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Cao L, Su H, Si M, Xu J, Chang X, Lv J, Zhai Y. Tissue Engineering in Stomatology: A Review of Potential Approaches for Oral Disease Treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:662418. [PMID: 34820359 PMCID: PMC8606749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.662418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging discipline that combines engineering and life sciences. It can construct functional biological structures in vivo or in vitro to replace native tissues or organs and minimize serious shortages of donor organs during tissue and organ reconstruction or transplantation. Organ transplantation has achieved success by using the tissue-engineered heart, liver, kidney, and other artificial organs, and the emergence of tissue-engineered bone also provides a new approach for the healing of human bone defects. In recent years, tissue engineering technology has gradually become an important technical method for dentistry research, and its application in stomatology-related research has also obtained impressive achievements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research advances of tissue engineering and its application in stomatology. These aspects include tooth, periodontal, dental implant, cleft palate, oral and maxillofacial skin or mucosa, and oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering. In addition, this article also summarizes the commonly used cells, scaffolds, and growth factors in stomatology and discusses the limitations of tissue engineering in stomatology from the perspective of cells, scaffolds, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Cao
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiying Su
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Chang
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuankun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Kaifeng, China
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Driesen RB, Gervois P, Vangansewinkel T, Lambrichts I. Unraveling the Role of the Apical Papilla During Dental Root Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665600. [PMID: 34026757 PMCID: PMC8134663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical papilla is a stem cell rich tissue located at the base of the developing dental root and is responsible for the progressive elongation and maturation of the root. The multipotent stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) are extensively studied in cell culture since they demonstrate a high capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation and are thus an attractive stem cell source for stem cell-based therapies. Currently, only few studies are dedicated to determining the role of the apical papilla in dental root development. In this review, we will focus on the architecture of the apical papilla and describe the specific SCAP signaling pathways involved in root maturation. Furthermore, we will explore the heterogeneity of the SCAP phenotype within the tissue and determine their micro-environmental interaction. Understanding the mechanism of postnatal dental root growth could further aid in developing novel strategies in dental root regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Driesen
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Cardio and Organ Systems, Hasselt, Belgium
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Saltz A, Kandalam U. Mesenchymal stem cells and alginate microcarriers for craniofacial bone tissue engineering: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1276-84. [PMID: 26826060 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial bone is a complex structure with an intricate anatomical and physiological architecture. The defects that exist in this region therefore require a precise control of osteogenesis in their reconstruction. Unlike traditional surgical intervention, tissue engineering techniques mediate bone development with limited postoperative risk and cost. Alginate stands as the premier polymer in bone repair because of its mild ionotropic gelation and excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and injectability. Alginate microcarriers are candidates of choice to mediate cells and accommodate into 3-D environment. Several studies reported the use of alginate microcarriers for delivering cells, drugs, and growth factors. This review will explore the potential use of alginate microcarrier for stem cell systems and its application in craniofacial bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Saltz
- Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33328
| | - Umadevi Kandalam
- Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33328
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