This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Effects of IFN-α on expression of angiogenic factors in highly metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3 cells
Ming-Feng Zhao, Lu Wang, Zu-De Xu, Yan Zhao, Zhao-You Tang
Ming-Feng Zhao, Department of Surgical Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
Lu Wang, Yan Zhao, Zhao-You Tang, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Zu-De Xu, Department of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Supported by: the Natural Scientific Foundation of China, No. 30100077.
Correspondence to: Wang Lu, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China. wlu@zshospital.net
Received: December 10, 2003 Revised: January 9, 2004 Accepted: February 9, 2004 Published online: June 15, 2004
AIM: To study the effects of IFN-α on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and IL-8 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HCCLM3 cells and to explore the mechanism of antiangiogenic activity of IFN-α.
METHODS: The HCCLM3 cells were incubated for 72 h in high glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) (GibocoBRL, NY) or the medium containing different doses of IFN-α (30, 300 or 3 000 kU/L). The concentrations of VEGF, bFGF, MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-8 in cell culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: IFN-α treatment significantly decreased the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in HCCLM3 cells. The concentrations of VEGF, MMP-2, bFGF, and IL-8 were 2 666.0±122.6, 4 400±1 000, 28.0±5.1 and 1 160.0±69.4 ng/L respectively in the control group, whereas those of VEGF, MMP-2, bFGF, and IL-8 were 2 476.5±125.7 (P < 0.05), 2 400±600 (P < 0.01), 25.8±1.6 and 1 079±5 ng/L when the concentration of IFN-α was 300 kU/L. But MMP-9 protein was not detected in all the groups.
CONCLUSION: IFN-α treatment significantly inhibits the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 in HCCLM3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, no significant difference is found in the levels of bFGF, IL-8 and MMP-9 among the control and the groups of different doses of INF-a ranging from 30-3 000 kU/L. The down-regulation of VEGF and MMP-2 levels contributes, at least in part, to the antiangiogenic activity of IFN-α.
Key Words: N/A
Citation: Zhao MF, Wang L, Xu ZD, Zhao Y, Tang ZY. Effects of IFN-α on expression of angiogenic factors in highly metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12(6): 1277-1279
Wang L, Tang ZY, Qin LX, Wu XF, Sun HC, Xue Q, Ye SL. High-dose and long-term therapy with interferon-alfa inhibits tumor growth and recurrence in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with high metastatic potential.Hepatology. 2000;32:43-48.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Giannopoulos A, Adamakis I, Evangelou K, Giannopoulou M, Zacharatos P, Zsantoulis P, Perunovic B, Athanasiou A, Retalis G, Constandinidis C. Interferon-a2b reduces neo-microvascular density in the 'normal' urothelium adjacent to the tumor after transurethral resection of superficial bladder carcinoma.Onkologie. 2003;26:147-152.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Qin LX, Tang ZY. The prognostic significance of clinical and pathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol. 2002;8:193-199.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kim S, Park HS, Son HJ, Moon WS. [The role of angiostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 12 in the angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma].Korean J Hepatol. 2004;10:62-72.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Săftoiu A, Ciurea T, Baniţă M, Georgescu C, Comănescu V, Rogoveanu I, Gorunescu F, Georgescu I. Immunohistochemical assessment of angiogenesis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.Rom J Gastroenterol. 2004;13:3-8.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Moon WS, Rhyu KH, Kang MJ, Lee DG, Yu HC, Yeum JH, Koh GY, Tarnawski AS. Overexpression of VEGF and angiopoietin 2: a key to high vascularity of hepatocellular carcinoma?Mod Pathol. 2003;16:552-557.
[PubMed] [DOI]
El-Assal ON, Yamanoi A, Ono T, Kohno H, Nagasue N. The clinicopathological significance of heparanase and basic fibroblast growth factor expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:1299-1305.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Sun J, Hemler ME. Regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-2 production through CD147/extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer interactions.Cancer Res. 2001;61:2276-2281.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Li A, Dubey S, Varney ML, Dave BJ, Singh RK. IL-8 directly enhanced endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinases production and regulated angiogenesis.J Immunol. 2003;170:3369-3376.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Poon RT, Ng IO, Lau C, Yu WC, Yang ZF, Fan ST, Wong J. Tumor microvessel density as a predictor of recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study.J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1775-1785.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Ng IO, Poon RT, Lee JM, Fan ST, Ng M, Tso WK. Microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR in hepatocellular carcinoma.Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;116:838-845.
[PubMed] [DOI]
von Marschall Z, Scholz A, Cramer T, Schäfer G, Schirner M, Oberg K, Wiedenmann B, Höcker M, Rosewicz S. Effects of interferon alpha on vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription and tumor angiogenesis.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:437-448.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Slaton JW, Perrotte P, Inoue K, Dinney CP, Fidler IJ. Interferon-alpha-mediated down-regulation of angiogenesis-related genes and therapy of bladder cancer are dependent on optimization of biological dose and schedule.Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5:2726-2734.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Wang L, Wu WZ, Sun HC, Wu XF, Qin LX, Liu YK, Liu KD, Tang ZY. Mechanism of interferon alpha on inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection in nude mice.J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7:587-594.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Tang ZY, Ye SL, Liu YK, Qin LX, Sun HC, Ye QH, Wang L, Zhou J, Qiu SJ, Li Y. A decade's studies on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004;130:187-196.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Li Y, Shang P, Qian AR, Wang L, Yang Y, Chen ZN. Inhibitory effects of antisense RNA of HAb18G/CD147 on invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:2174-2177.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kumar M, Liu ZR, Thapa L, Chang Q, Wang DY, Qin RY. Antiangiogenic effect of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 on pancreatic cancer cell line: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in vitro.World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:393-399.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Edwards JG, McLaren J, Jones JL, Waller DA, O'Byrne KJ. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (gelatinases A and B) expression in malignant mesothelioma and benign pleura.Br J Cancer. 2003;88:1553-1559.
[PubMed] [DOI]