病毒性肝炎 Open Access
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2003. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
世界华人消化杂志. 2003-06-15; 11(6): 701-704
在线出版日期: 2003-06-15. doi: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i6.701
胸腺肽α1对慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫系统的影响
段国荣, 聂青和, 周永兴, 王全楚, 田长印, 刘拉羊, 薛红安
段国荣, 西安市中心医院感染科 陕西省西安市 710003
段国荣, 女, 1963-11-13生, 河南省内黄县人, 汉族, 医学硕士. 发表论文18篇.
聂青和, 周永兴, 王全楚, 中国人民解放军第四军医大学唐都医院全军感染病诊疗中心 陕西省西安市 710038
田长印, 刘拉羊, 薛红安, 西安交通大学第二医院感染病科 陕西省西安市 710004
通讯作者: 段国荣, 710003, 陕西省西安市北大街后宰门185号, 西安市中心医院感染科. xin8853@163.com
电话: 029-7268341-7017
收稿日期: 2002-07-10
修回日期: 2002-07-20
接受日期: 2002-07-22
在线出版日期: 2003-06-15

目的

了解胸腺肽α1(Tα1)对慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫系统的影响, 评价Tα1对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的疗效.

方法

选择60例慢性乙型肝炎患者, 其中Tα1组25例, 给予Tα1(1.6mg, sc, 2次/wk, 3-6 mo)治疗, 联合组35例, 给予Tα1联合贺普丁(0.1 g, po, 1次/d, 3-6 mo)治疗, 另选60例作为对照组, 仅给予保肝治疗. 应用双抗体酶联分析法检测治疗前后血清中IFN-γ和IL-4的浓度, 以IFN-γ代表Th1, IL-4代表Th2, 从而计算Th1/Th2比值; 采用流式细胞仪观察外周血CD4+T, CD8+T细胞亚群.

结果

联合组与对照组比, 治疗后肝功能改善显著(P<0.01) ; 联合组乙型肝炎病毒标志物HBsAg或HBeAg阴转(9例)及HBV-DNA定量指标降低(14例), 与对照组比, 均具有统计学差异(P<0.01; P<0.05). 但Tα1组分别与对照组、联合组比, 无统计学差异(P>0.05). Tα1组治疗后CD4+T细胞增高(由31.3±2.4增高到36.1±2.5)具有统计学意义(P<0.01), CD8+T细胞稍高且CD4+/CD8+无明显变化, 相差无统计学意义(P>0.05); IFN-γ浓度(由71.3±21.0增高到83.7±21.4)及Th1/Th2比值升高(由0.79±0.2增高到0.98±0.3)均有统计学意义(P均<0.05), 但IL-4表达水平变化无统计学意义.

结论

Tα1能提高机体的细胞免疫功能, 有利于病毒清除和疾病的恢复.

关键词: N/A

引文著录: 段国荣, 聂青和, 周永兴, 王全楚, 田长印, 刘拉羊, 薛红安. 胸腺肽α1对慢性乙型肝炎患者免疫系统的影响. 世界华人消化杂志 2003; 11(6): 701-704
Effect of thymosin-α1 on immune function with chronic hepatitis B
Guo-Rong Duan, Qing-He Nie, Yong-Xing Zhou, Quan-Chu Wang, Chang-Yin Tian, La-Yang Liu, Hong-An Xue
Guo-Rong Duan, Depertment of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
Qing-He Nie, Yong-Xing Zhou, Quan-Chu Wang, Chinese PLA Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
Chang-Yin Tian, La-Yang Liu, Hong-An Xue, Depertment of Infectious Diseases, Xi, an Jaotong University, Xi, an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
Correspondence to: Guo-Rong Duan, Depertment of Infectious Diseases, Xi, an Central Hospital, Xi, an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China. xin8853@163.com
Received: July 10, 2002
Revised: July 20, 2002
Accepted: July 22, 2002
Published online: June 15, 2003

AIM

To realize effect of thymosin-α1 (Tα1) on immune function with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to evaluate the efficacy of Tα1 in the treatment of CHB.

METHODS

Sixty patients with CHB were randomly chosen. Twenty-five cases were received Tα1 (1.6 mg, sc, twice a week, 3-6mo) and thirty-five were received Tα1 combined with Lamivudine (0.1 g, po, once a day, 3-6 mo). Hepatic function, virological analyses (HBeAg, HBsAg, HBV-DNA) and immunological analyses (periperal blood T lymphocytes subset, IFN-α and IL-4 levels) from patients in pretreatment and posttreatment were observed.

RESULTS

At the end of treatment, ALT and T-Bil were decreased in the group of Tα1 combined with Lamivudine (P<0.01), HBeAg/HBsAg remained negative (n = 9) and HBV-DNA levels were also low (n = 14) in the group of Tα1 combined with Lamivudine (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) as compared with healthy individuals. CD4+ T Cell (from 31.3±2.4 to 36.1±2.5), the level of IFN-α(from 71.3±21.0 to 83.7±21.4) and Th1/Th2 (from 0.79±0.2 to 0.98±0.3) increased in the group of Tα1 (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Tα1 is efficient to treat patients with CHB because it can elevate the level of cellular immunity, which is beneficial to viral clearance.

Key Words: N/A


0 引言

我国是病毒性肝炎的高发区, 乙型肝炎居首位, 目前尚缺乏特效治疗. 目前抗病毒药物效果不尽人意. 因此, 寻找更有效的治疗措施, 一直为临床医师及科研人员所关注[1-17]. 化学合成的胸腺肽α1(thymosin-α1, 日达仙, Tα1)对病毒性肝炎的治疗虽已有报道, 但多在于观察肝功能、病毒复制指标等. 而对于细胞免疫指标的检测报道较少, 尤其是Th1/Th2及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化. 为此, 我们旨在观察患者外周血Th1/Th2及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化, 同时对患者肝功能生化指标及病毒复制指标进行观察分析, 从而评价Tα1对CHB的疗效.

1 材料和方法
1.1 材料

慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者60例来自第四军医大学唐都医院, 西安交通大学第二医院及西安市中心医院. 其中Tα1组25例, 联合组35例, 另选60例作为对照组. 男21例, 女14例. 年龄21-60(平均40)岁. 诊断符合1995年(北京)第五次全国传染病与寄生虫病学术会议修订的标准. IFN-γ和IL-4双单克隆抗体ELISA检测试剂盒, 均购自深圳晶美生物工程有限公司, 批号991225. HBV-DNA PCR 检测试剂盒购自广州市中山医科大学达安基因股份有限公司, 批号S19990003. CD4-FITC和 CD8-PE 产地法国马赛(immunotech france). Epics-Profile二型流式细胞仪, 美国Coulter公司生产.

1.2 方法

Tα1(日达仙, 美国赛生公司) 1.6 mg, 皮下注射, 2次/wk, 其中35例患者加用抗病毒药物(贺普丁)0.1 g, 口服, 1次/d, 同时配合多种维生素, 肌苷等常规保肝治疗. 疗程3-6 mo. 随机选择60例CHB患者作为对照, 仅给予保肝等对症处理. 患者于治疗前后抽血检测肝功能. 血清病毒学指标: HBsAg, 抗-HBs, HBeAg, 抗-HBe, 抗-HBc, PCR-HBV-DNA. 细胞免疫指标: CD4+T, CD8+T, CD4+/CD8+及细胞因子IFN-γ, IL-4浓度. 药物毒副作用观察. 外周血T细胞亚群检测步骤: 先加20 μL双标抗体于小试管底, 再加抗凝血100 μL, 混匀, 放置室温(18-25 °C)孵育30min; 加RBC溶解液1 mL, 待RBC溶解后上流式细胞仪检测; 波长488 nm时FITC(异硫氰酸荧光素)呈蓝-绿荧光, PE(藻红蛋白)呈红色荧光, 计数3000个细胞, 记录分析直方图, 数据经ELITE软件处理. 血清IFN-γ检测步骤: 从已平衡至室温的密封袋中取出所需板条, 分别将标本及不同浓度标准品(100 μL/孔)加入相应孔中, 然后再加入生物素化抗体工作液(50 μL/孔)和酶结合物(20-25 °C)共同孵育120 min. 洗板3次. 先后加入底物A, B各100 μL/孔, 避光置室温10-30 min. 加入终止液50 μL/ 孔, 混匀后即刻在ELISA读数仪上测量A450值, 绘制标准曲线, 并测定各血清标本中IFN-γ的浓度(ng/L). 血清IL-4检测步骤同上.

统计学处理 结果数据采用mean±SD, 方差分析, x2检验

2 结果

联合组与对照组比, T-Bil和ALT相差有统计学意义(P<0.01, 表1); Tα1组与对照组比及Tα1组与联合组比, 均无统计学差异(P>0.05). 在Tα1组未见药物副反应; 在联合组治疗过程中2例发生轻度恶心, 1例出现白细胞轻微下降, 治疗结束后自行恢复.

表1 Tα1治疗CHB前后肝功能差值(mean±SD).
分组nT-Bil (μmol/L)ALT(μkat/L)AST(μkat/L)ALP(μkat/L)γ-GT(μkat/L)
对照组6010±686±2228±731±1022±8
Tα1组2513±896±2231±1035±1223±8
联合组3516±9 b108±29b30±637±1826±11
2.1 治疗后肝功能及病毒学标志

检测病毒学标志, 在Tα1组和联合组HBeAg或HBsAg阴转共13例(13/60), HBV-DNA定量指标下降20例(20/60). 13例HBeAg或HBsAg阴转同时伴随HBV-DNA定量指标降低. 在肝功能复常方面: 联合组与对照组比, 有统计学差异(x2 = 8.681, P = 0.0032) ; 在阴转方面: 联合组与对照组比, 相差有统计学意义(x2 = 7.518, P = 0.0 061) ; 在HBV-DNA定量指标下降方面: 联合组与对照组比, 相差有统计学意义(x2 = 4.448, P = 0.035, 表2, 3)Tα1组与对照组比及Tα1组与联合组比, 均无统计学差异(P>0.05).

表2 Tα1治疗CHB肝功能及病毒学指标变化(n).
分组n肝功能复常HBV M阴转HBV-DNA下降
对照组6036412
Tα1组251946
联合组3531b9b14a
表3 Tα1治疗前CHB HBV-DNA定量拷贝分布情况(n).
分组n<104104105106107>107
对照组60071324124
Tα1组25006793
联合组3501131173
2.2 细胞免疫变化

Tα1组治疗前后CD4+T细胞增高具有统计学意义(t = 6.93, P = 0.000), CD8+T细胞略高且CD4+/CD8+相差无统计学意义(t = 1.50, P=0.141; t = 1.41, P = 0.1 638); 治疗前后IFN-γ表达水平及Th1/Th2比值变化有统计学差异(t = 2.07, P = 0.0 441; t = 2.63, P = 0.0 117), IL-4表达水平变化无统计学意义(t = 0.41, P = 0.6 856, 表4, 图1).

图1
图1 Tα1治疗CHB前后血淋巴细胞流式细胞仪检测. CD4+ T 32.4%(治疗前); CD8+ T 37.3%(治疗前); CD4+ T 35.7%(治疗后); CD8+ T 38.1%(治疗后).
表4 Tα1组治疗CHB后细胞免疫指标变化.
治疗CD4+(%)CD8+(%)CD4+/CD8+IFN-γ(ng/L)IL-4(ng/L)Th1/Th2
31.3±2.437.3±4.30.96±0.171.3±21.089.8±40.10.79±0.2
36.1±2.5b39.1±4.21.00±0.183.7±21.4a85.3±38.00.98±0.3a
3 讨论

病毒性肝炎是我国常见病多发病, 目前尚缺乏特效治疗, 其主要原因是发病机制较为复杂, 尚未完全阐明[18-41]. 多数资料表明, CHB患者细胞免疫功能低下[42,43]. Tα1能促进T细胞成熟和影响免疫调节细胞的功能, 还能增强IFN-γ及IL-2等细胞因子的生成, 促进免疫缺陷的重建. 这也是Tα1用于CHB治疗的理论依据. 本研究显示, 联合组与对照组比, 治疗前后肝功能显著改善, Tα1组分别与对照组、联合组比, 肝功能改善无统计学意义; 联合组与对照组相比, 治疗前后病毒学标志, 包括HBeAg或HBsAg阴转, HBV-DNA定量指标降低均具有统计学差异, 但Tα1组分别与对照组、联合组比差异无统计学意义. 可见, 无论在肝功能改善方面, 还是在病毒学标志方面, Tα1联合抗病毒药物(贺普丁)均显示良好的治疗效果. 本研究还显示, 在Tα1组, 治疗前后CD4+相差具有统计学意义, 治疗后CD8+稍高, CD4+/CD8+无明显变化, 相差无统计学意义. 这表明Tα1能提高机体的细胞免疫功能, CD4+增高可促使机体分泌IFN-γ、IL-2等细胞因子, 有利于病毒清除. 治疗后IFN-γ水平较治疗前高, 这可能与Tα1能增强IFN-γ的生成有关, 但仍低于正常血清IFN-γ水平(结合血清细胞因子检测结果). 可能原因是: (1)患者血清中可能存在诱生IFN的抑制因子; (2)产生IFN的活性细胞功能降低; (3)药物剂量不足或疗程不够长. 因此, 加用IFN-γ治疗或Tα1疗程延长, 可能效果更好.

早在1986年Mosmann et al 就发现小鼠的CD4+细胞株接受抗原刺激可分化成Th1和Th2两个亚群. 前者分泌IL-2, IFN-γ, TFN-β等可促进细胞免疫. 后者分泌IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13等可促进体液免疫. 以后研究又进一步证实在人类也存在这两种亚型. 日前, 越来越多的证据表明, Th1/Th2平衡的变化会影响感染的结局[44-48]. 我们曾报道35例CHC患者Th2类细胞因子占优势, 还报道30例CHB患者Th2类细胞因子较Th1类细胞因子水平高, 分别与正常对照组比, 均有统计学差异. 本研究中, 以IFN-γ代表Th1, IL-4代表Th2, 从而计算Th1/Th2比值. 在Tα1组, 治疗前后Th1/Th2比值变化有统计学差异, 可能是由于IFN-γ浓度变化幅度大于IL-4所致. Th1/Th2比值增高可促进机体细胞免疫应答, 有利于病毒清除和疾病的恢复.

总之, 如何有效提高机体的细胞免疫功能, 如何终止病毒复制, 从而维持患者的肝功能稳定, 是目前急需解决的问题. 免疫调节剂(Tα1)有利于肝炎病毒的清除和疾病的恢复. 加大药物剂量或延长疗程可能效果更好. 联合抗病毒药物(贺普丁)治疗可能更具优势, 既可利用Tα1提高细胞免疫功能的特点, 又可利用贺普丁持续抑制病毒复制的特点, 从而达到提高疗效的目的.

致谢

感谢第四军医大学唐都医院中心实验室张盈华主任的大力支持.

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