Decade of decline: Unraveling Helicobacter pylori trends in Northwest China

doi:10.3748/wjg.121414

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2026; 32(45): 121414
Published online Dec 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121414

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 69633 eligible participants, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable category	Total participants	H. pylori-negative	H. pylori-positive	P value
All	69633	43641 (62.7)	25992 (37.3)
Age (years)	43.6 ± 16.1	43.3 ± 16.7	43.9 ± 15.1	< 0.001^a
Age group (years)				< 0.001^a
< 10	1415	1164 (82.3)	251 (17.7)
10-19	2857	2130 (74.6)	727 (25.4)
20-29	10468	6602 (63.1)	3866 (36.9)
30-39	14662	8621 (58.8)	6041 (41.2)
40-49	12770	7675 (60.1)	5095 (39.9)
50-59	15260	9502 (62.3)	5758 (37.7)
60-69	9116	5922 (65.0)	3194 (35.0)
≥ 70	3085	2025 (65.6)	1060 (34.4)
Gender				< 0.001^a
Male	30703	18890 (61.5)	11813 (38.5)
Female	38930	24751 (63.6)	14179 (36.4)

^aP < 0.05.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

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Table 2 Age-standardized prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection by sex from 2014 to 2023

Year	Total		Male		Female
Year	CPR (%)	ASPR (95%CI)	CPR (%)	ASPR (95%CI)	CPR (%)	ASPR (95%CI)
2014	39.70	38.72 (35.53-41.92)	39.82	38.06 (34.06-42.06)	39.59	39.35 (34.31-44.40)
2015	41.66	38.21 (36.65-39.77)	40.81	38.05 (35.86-40.25)	42.33	38.31 (36.01-40.61)
2016	45.46	42.52 (41.14-43.90)	44.94	42.42 (40.40-44.44)	45.88	42.72 (40.83-44.61)
2017	38.82	38.33 (33.67-42.99)	39.14	38.96 (32.38-45.54)	38.56	39.06 (32.41-45.71)
2018	36.74	34.62 (33.18-36.07)	36.74	35.12 (32.97-37.27)	36.75	34.26 (32.31-36.21)
2019	37.84	34.15 (33.12-35.17)	39.56	36.10 (34.57-37.62)	36.52	32.51 (31.13-33.89)
2020	38.65	35.39 (34.05-36.74)	40.66	38.41 (36.36-40.46)	36.97	32.46 (30.72-34.21)
2021	38.05	34.44 (33.32-35.55)	39.08	36.17 (34.50-37.84)	37.22	32.74 (31.27-34.20)
2022	31.74	29.02 (27.83-30.20)	34.06	30.63 (28.95-32.31)	29.95	27.90 (26.21-29.60)
2023	30.60	27.94 (26.95-28.94)	32.75	30.09 (28.57-31.61)	29.00	26.29 (24.97-27.62)

Age-standardized prevalence rates were calculated by the direct method using the 2020 national census population of China as the standard population. CPR: Crude prevalence rate; ASPR: Age-standardized prevalence rate.

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Table 3 Results of the two-piecewise linear regression model

Item	OR (95%CI)	P value
Total
Fitting model by standard linear regression	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	< 0.001^a
Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression
Inflection points of age	29.64
< 29.64	1.06 (1.05-1.06)	< 0.001^a
≥ 29.64	0.99 (0.99-0.99)	< 0.001^a
P for likelihood test		< 0.001^a
Male
Fitting model by standard linear regression	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	< 0.001^a
Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression
Inflection points of age	28.00
< 28.00	1.05 (1.04-1.06)	< 0.001^a
≥ 28.00	0.99 (0.99-1.00)	< 0.001^a
P for likelihood test		< 0.001^a
Female
Fitting model by standard linear regression	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	0.018^a
Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression
Inflection points of age	30.89
< 30.89	1.06 (1.05-1.07)	< 0.001^a
≥ 30.89	0.99 (0.99-0.99)	< 0.001^a
P for likelihood test		< 0.001^a

^aP < 0.05.

OR: Odds ratio.

Full Size Table

Citation: Zeng ZQ, Yang HY, He LY, Sun C, Wang JH, Dong L, Gong J, Li L, Zhao P. Decade of decline: Unraveling Helicobacter pylori trends in Northwest China. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(45): 121414
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i45/121414.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.121414

Zeng ZQ, Yang HY, He LY, Sun C, Wang JH, Dong L, Gong J, Li L, Zhao P. Decade of decline: Unraveling Helicobacter pylori trends in Northwest China. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(45): 121414 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.121414]

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