Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with celiac disease: A multidimensional study

Table 1 Demographic and disease characteristics of celiac disease patients and healthy controls, mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Characteristic	Parameter	CeD group (n = 18)	Control group (n = 18)	P value
Demographic characteristics	Age (years)	51.33 ± 8.89	50.11 ± 8.20	0.11241
	Female	11 (61.1)	11 (61.1)	12
	BMI (kg/m2)	21.59 ± 3.86	22.41 ± 2.843	0.43651
	Smoking history	6 (33.3)	7 (38.9)	12
	Alcohol consumption history	0	1 (5.6)	12
Disease characteristics	Symptom duration (months)	15 (1.75-48.5)	-	-
	Modified Marsh grade
	IIIa	15 (83.3)	0	-
	IIIb	3 (16.7)	0	-
	IIIc	0	0	-
	Serum anti-tTG-IgA titer (CU)	479.3 (292.4-3021)	1.9 (lower detection limit)	-

¹P values were calculated using the paired t-test (for age and body mass index).

²P values were calculated using the McNemar’s exact test (for sex).

CeD: Celiac disease; BMI: Body mass index; tTG: Tissue transglutaminase; IgA: Immunoglobulin A.

Table 2 Comparison of blood test results in celiac disease patients with reference ranges, mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variable	CeD group (n = 18)	Reference range
Hemoglobin (g/L)	129.4 ± 22.6	130-175 (male), 115-150 (female)
MCV (fL)	84.62 ± 11.93	82-100
Albumin (g/L)	41.84 ± 4.468	35-50
Serum ferritin (μg/L)	12.9 (6.86-61.22)	11-306.8
25(OH)D (nmol/L)	14.3 (8.7-19.6)	> 50 (sufficient), 25-50 (insufficient), < 25 (deficient)
Erythropoietin (mIU/mL)	12.76 (9.54-24.07)	1.48-31.88

Reference ranges are based on the clinical laboratory standards of our hospital; vitamin D status is defined according to the Endocrine Society guidelines[26]. CeD: Celiac disease; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D.