Advanced therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study

doi:10.3748/wjg.121290

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2026; 32(44): 121290
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121290

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of adult patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Crohn’s disease (n = 16598)	Ulcerative colitis (n = 39737)	P value
Age (years)	30.2 ± 14.6	42.26 ± 16.0	< 0.0001
Age groups			< 0.0001
18-40 years	13060 (78.6)	18543 (46.7)
41-64 years	2846 (17.2)	17416 (43.8)
≥ 65 years	692 (4.2)	3778 (9.5)
Sex (male)	7838 (47.2)	28804 (72.5)	< 0.0001
Type of treatment			< 0.0001
Advanced therapy	6758 (40.7)	4447 (11.2)
Non-advanced therapy	9840 (59.3)	35290 (88.8)
Location of medical institution			< 0.0001
Metropolitan area	6918 (41.7)	14157 (35.6)
Non-metropolitan area	9680 (58.3)	25580 (64.4)
Comorbid disease
Obesity	91 (0.6)	213 (0.5)	0.5855
Pulmonary disease	11091 (66.8)	27818 (69.9)	1.0000
Renal disease	380 (2.3)	1009 (2.5)	0.4213
Liver disease	8549 (51.5)	22469 (56.5)	0.0004
Rheumatic disease	1518 (9.1)	4523 (11.4)	< 0.0001
Diabetes mellitus	1932 (11.6)	8043 (20.2)	< 0.0001
Hypertension	2311 (13.9)	10,840 (27.2)	< 0.0001
Cardiovascular disease	1026 (6.2)	4548 (11.4)	< 0.0001
Any malignancy	736 (4.4)	2648 (6.7)	< 0.0001

Full Size Table

Table 2 Use of first-line advanced therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, n (%)

	Crohn’s disease (n = 6758)	Ulcerative colitis (n = 4447)	P value¹
First-line ATs after diagnosis			< 0.0001
Anti-TNF biologics
Infliximab	4400 (65.1)	2485 (55.9)	< 0.0001
Adalimumab	1543 (22.8)	994 (22.4)	0.5560
Golimumab	1 (0.0)	192 (4.3)	< 0.0001
Non-anti-TNF biologics
Vedolizumab	174 (2.5)	595 (13.4)	< 0.0001
Ustekinumab	640 (9.5)	161 (3.6)	< 0.0001
Small-molecule agent
Tofacitinib	0 (0.0)	20 (0.5)	< 0.0001
Days to 1^st line ATs, median (Q1-Q3)
Anti-TNF biologics
Infliximab	167 (14-702)	348 (59-891)	< 0.0001
Adalimumab	273 (49-918.8)	498 (192-1063)	< 0.0001
Golimumab	621 (621-621)²	616.5 (249.2-1186.8)	NA
Non-anti-TNF biologics
Vedolizumab	551 (248-1552)	830.5 (332.8-1731.8)	0.0074
Ustekinumab	651.5 (232.8-1669.5)	997 (507-1855)	0.0057
Small-molecule agent
Tofacitinib		762 (342-1428)	NA

¹The P value for “first-line advanced therapies after diagnosis” represents an overall χ² test for the distribution of advanced therapies types between groups. Individual P values represent comparisons for each specific agent.

²Only one patient with Crohn’s disease received golimumab; no statistical comparison was performed.

NA: Not applicable for statistical comparison; ATs: Advanced therapies; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Persistency of advanced therapies in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease after the initiation of first-line therapies, median (Q1-Q3)

Characteristics	Crohn’s disease (n = 6758)	Ulcerative colitis (n = 4447)	P value
Persistency of ATs (days)
Anti-TNF biologics
Infliximab	1037 (422-1875)	516 (154-1324)	< 0.0001
Adalimumab	1135 (511.5-1855.8)	698 (152-1511)	< 0.0001
Golimumab	1435 (1435-1435)¹	257.5 (77-1184.2)	NA
Non-anti-TNF biologics
Vedolizumab	359 (206-567)	281 (110.2-498.2)	0.0057
Ustekinumab	458 (189.8-801)	56 (1-59)	< 0.0001
Small-molecule agent
Tofacitinib		56 (28-378)	NA

¹Only one patient with Crohn’s disease received golimumab; no statistical comparison was performed.

NA: Not applicable for statistical comparison; ATs: Advanced therapies; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.

Full Size Table

Citation: Choi HI, Moon JR, Lee SH, Cha JM. Advanced therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 121290
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i44/121290.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.121290

Choi HI, Moon JR, Lee SH, Cha JM. Advanced therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 121290 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.121290]

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