Survival outcomes in early-onset oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analyses

Table 1 Characteristics of studies investigating survival outcomes in early-onset oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients

Ref.	Publication year	Country	Study design	No. of cases	No. of cases < 50 (%)	Recruitment period	Age categories (years)	Stage	Follow-up (Y/N)	Specific survival outcome	Confounders considered
Boys et al[16]	2015	United States	Retrospective cohort	772	42 (5)	1990-2013	< 40, > 40	I-IV	Y	Median overall survival	Sex, race, staging, year of diagnosis
Kolb et al[17]	2020	United States	Population- based Register	114123	10271 (9)	2000-2017	< 50, 50-69, > 70	I-IV	Y	Median survival, HR of death	Treatment, staging, race
Codipilly et al[20]	2021	United States	Population based register	25813	2183 (8)	1975-2011	< 50, 50-69, > 70	I-IV	Y	Overall 5 year survival	Sex, race, staging, year of diagnosis
Xie et al[21]	2017	Sweden	Population- based cohort	5140	212 (4.1)	1961-2014	< 50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, > 80	Not recorded	Y	HR of death	Sex
Haiyu et al[22]	2019	United States	Population-based register	16474	Crude number not reported	1984-2013	20-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, > 75	Not recorded	Y	5-year relative survival	Sex, Socio-economic status, race
Hashemi et al[23]	2009	United States	Consecutive case series	242	31 (12.8)	1994-2004	< 50, > 50	0-IV	N	Median survival	Sex, family history
Portale et al[24]	2004	United States	Consecutive case series	263	32 (12.1)	1992-2002	< 50, > 50	I-III	N	5-year survival rates
Sawas et al[14]	2019	United States	Single centre retrospective study	682	105 (15.4)	2009-2012	< 50, 51-70, > 70	I-IV	N	Mean survival, 5-year survival rates, HR of death	Sex, staging, intestinal metaplasia, Charlson comorbidity index
Strauss et al[25]	2020	United States	Single centre retrospective study	630	65 (10.3)	1991-2018	< 50, > 50	I-IV	Y	Overall survival, HR of death	Sex, race, pathology grade
van Nistelrooij et al[15]	2014	Netherlands	Population-based register	13331	1466 (10.9)	2000-2011	< 50, > 50	I-IV	Y	Median overall survival, 5-year overall survival	Sex, staging
Yang et al[26]	2016	United States	Population-based register	2601	94 (3.6)	1988-2011	< 45, 45-59, 60-74, > 75	I-III	Y	HR of death	Sex, race, lymph nodes examined

HR: Hazard ratio; Y: Yes; N: No.

Table 2 The median and mean survival of younger, middle-aged and older patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Ref.	Young age	Middle age	Older age	Significance
Median survival
Boys et al[16]1	17 months	N/A	30 months	P = 0.04
Kolb et al[17]2	15.2 months	15.1 months	10.4 months	P < 0.1
Hashemi et al[23]3	21.1 months	N/A	22 months	Not significant
Mean survival
Sawas et al[14]4	4 ± 4.2 years	5 ± 3.9 years	3.6 ± 3.2 years	P = 0.03

¹Young age < 40 years and old age ≥ 40 years.

²Young age < 50 years, middle aged 50-69 and old age ≥ 70 years.

³Young age ≤ 50 years and old age > 50 years.

⁴Young age ≤ 50 years, middle age 51-70 years, old age > 70 years.

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 3 The proportion of patients alive at five years in young, middle-aged and older patients diagnosed with oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Ref.	5-year survival (%) (proportion of patients still alive)
	Young age	Middle age	Older age	Significance
Codipilly et al[20]1	19.7	21.4	12.3	P < 0.01
Portale et al[24]2	32.6	N/A	45.5	Survival similar
Sawas et al[14]3	34.3	49.9	33.3	P < 0.01
Van Nistelrooij et al[15]2	18.2	N/A	16.4	P = 0.021
Haiyu et al[22]4	19.4	N/A	22.6	P < 0.05

¹Young age < 50 years, middle-age 50-69 years, old age ≥ 70 years.

²Young age ≤ 50 years, old age > 50 years.

³Young age ≤ 50 years, middle age 51-70 years, old age > 70 years.

⁴Young age 20-44 years, old age 55-64 years.

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 4 Hazard ratios of risk of death and 95%CI for young, middle-aged, and older patients diagnosed with oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Ref.	Hazard ratios for risk of death and 95%CI
	Age categories (years)	Young age	Age categories (years)	Middle age	Age categories (years)	Older age
Kolb et al[17]	< 50	0.94 (0.92-0.96)	50-69	Ref. (1.0)	≥ 70	1.24 (1.21-1.26)
Xie et al[21]	< 50	Ref. (1.0)	50-59	1.19 (0.99-1.43)	70-79	1.26 (1.06-1.50)
			60-69	1.09 (0.91-1.30)	≥ 80	1.66 (1.38-1.99)
Sawas et al[14]	≤ 50	1.34 (1.02-1.75)	51-70	Ref. (1.0)	> 70	1.70 (1.36-2.10)
Strauss et al[25]	< 50	0.53 (0.17-1.69)	> 50	Ref. (1.0)	N/A	N/A
Yang et al[26]	< 45	1.35 (1.02-1.80)	45-59	Ref. (1.0)	≥ 75	1.52 (1.28-1.81)
			60-74	1.11 (0.97–1.26)

N/A: Not applicable.