Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 28, 2022; 28(16): 1671-1680
Published online Apr 28, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i16.1671
Table 1 Baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of survivors and non-survivors' groups
Characteristics
Survivors, n = 328
Non-survivors, n = 25
Unadjusted OR
P value
Age in yr, median (IQR)
< 40178 (98.89)2 (1.11)Ref.
40-60112 (94.92)6 (5.08)4.76 (0.94-24.03)0.05
> 6038 (69.09)17 (30.91)39.81 (8.82-179.59)0.0001
Male sex, n (%)167 (93.30)12 (6.70)0.88 (0.39-2.00)0.77
Comorbidities
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)4 (44.44)5 (55.56)20.25 (5.04-81.31)0.0001
Diabetes mellites, n (%)55 (77.46)16 (22.54)8.82 (3.70-20.98)0.0001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%)55 (88.71)7 (11.29)1.93 (0.76-4.84)0.16
Hypertension, n (%)84 (84.00)16 (16.00)5.16 (2.19-12.12)0.0001
Deyo-Charlson index, n (%)
0-1267 (97.45)7 (2.55)Ref.
2-360 (80.00)15 (20.00)9.53 (3.72-24.40)0.0001
> 31 (25.00)3 (75.00)114.42 (10.54-1241.77)0.0001
Laboratory biomarkers
Hemoglobin < 12 mg/dL, n (%)125 (92.59)10 (7.41)1.08 (0.47-2.48)0.85
Total leukocytic count > 11 × 109/L, n (%)50 (80.65)12 (19.35)5.13 (2.21-11.89)0.0001
Platelet
150-350248 (93.58)17 (6.42)Ref.
< 150 × 109/L, n (%)32 (94.12)2 (5.88)0.91 (0.20-4.13)0.90
> 350 × 109/L, n (%)48 (88.89)6 (11.11)1.82 (0.68-4.86)0.23
Serum AST, n (%)
< 40 U/L239 (97.15)7 (2.85)Ref.
40-80 U/L81 (84.38)15 (15.63)6.32 (2.49-16.05)0.0001
> 80 U/L8 (72.73)3 (27.27)12.80 (2.78-58.83)0.001
Serum ALT, n (%)
< 40 U/L217 (93.94)14 (6.06)Ref.
40-80 U/L90 (90.00)10 (10.00)1.72 (0.73-4.02)0.20
> 80 U/L21 (95.45)1 (4.55)0.73 (0.09-5.89)0.77
Serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL, n (%)112 (86.15)18 (13.85)4.95 (2.01-12.22)0.001
Serum total bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL, n (%)2 (40.00)3 (60.00)22.22 (3.52-140.03)0.001
Serum creatinine > 1.1 mg/dL for males; > 0.95 mg/dL for females, n (%)64 (80.00)16 (20.00)7.33 (3.09-17.34)0.0001
Serum ferritin > 400 μg/L for males; > 150 μg/L for females, n (%)169 (87.56)24 (12.44)22.57 (3.01-168.86)0.002
D-dimer > 0.5 μg/mL319 (92.73)25 (7.27)1-
C-reactive protein ≥ 1 mg/L, n (%)330 (92.70)26 (7.30)1-
Creatine kinase > 117 IU/L, n (%)0.00 (100.00)0.00 (0.00)--
APRI, n (%)
≤ 0.5254 (95.85)11 (4.15)Ref.
> 0.574 (84.09)14 (15.19)4.36 (1.90-10.02)0.001
FIB-4, n (%)
≤ 2300 (96.15)12 (3.85)Ref.
> 217 (73.91)6 (26.09)8.82 (2.95-26.37)0.0001
> 2.6711 (61.11)7 (38.89)15.90 (5.24-48.24)0.0001
Table 2 Odds ratios of aspartate transferase-to-platelet ratio index associated mortality and 95% confidence intervals
Unadjusted
Model I (Adjusted for age and sex)
Model II
APRI
OR
CI
P value
OR
CI
P value
OR
CI
P value
≤ 0.5Ref.Ref.Ref.
> 0.5 - ≤ 1.54.361.90-10.020.0013.231.29-8.120.015.031.63-15.520.005
Covariates
Age in yr
< 40Ref.
40-601.750.25-11.890.56
> 6010.451.51-72.090.01
Sex1.190.39-3.650.75
CKD8.241.37-49.530.02
DM7.771.82-33.040.006
HTN0.250.05-1.110.07
WBC4.201.32-13.320.01
Albumin1.170.33-4.090.81
Bilirubin10.100.97-104.450.05
Ferritin 12.941.38-121.080.02
Table 3 Comparison of full model and aspartate transferase-to-platelet ratio index-plus in prediction of mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the study cohort

AUROC
HL-χ2
BIC
APRI-plus model0.90 (95%CI: 0.86–0.95)0.97148.4
Full model0.94 (95%CI: 0.90–0.98)0.95164.9