Significance of gut microbiota in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

Table 1 Representative studies presenting gut microbial dysbiosis in alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Sequencing method	Overgrown microbes	Depleted microbes	Model
Yan et al[63] (2011)	Pyrosequencing	↑Bacteroidales	↓Lactococcus	Murine
		↑Bacteroides	↓Pediococcus
		↑Porphyromonadaceae	↓Lactobacillus
			↓Leuconostoc
Otterson et al[64] (2013)	Pyrosequencing	↑Corynebacterium	↓Bacteroides	Murine
		↑Alcaligenes	↓Tannerella
		↑Listeria	↓unclassified Lachnospiraceae
		↑Acetivibrio	↓undefined Ruminococcaceae
		↑Allobaculum
Lowe et al[71] (2017)	16S rDNA	↑Actinobacteria	↓Tenericutes	Murine
		↑Eubacteriaceae	↓Verrucomicrobia
			↓Lachnospiraceae
			↓Moraxellaceae
			↓Akkermansia
Grander et al[73] (2018)	Illumina MiSeq	↑Olsenella	↓Acinetobacter	Murine
		↑Eubacterium	↓Anaerotruncus
		↑Acetivibrio	↓Akkermansia
			↓Blautia
Kakiyama et al[74] (2013)	Pyrosequencing	↑Enterobacteriaceae	↓Blautia	Human
		↑Veillonellaceae	↓Ruminococcaceae
			↓Lachnospiraceae
			↓Rikenellaceae
Bajaj et al[75] (2014)	Pyrosequencing	↑Enterococcaeae	↓Clostridiales XIV	Human
		↑Staphylococcaceae	↓Ruminococcaceae
		↑Enterobacteriaceae	↓Lachnospiraceae
Yang et al[83] (2017)	Illumina MiSeq	↑Candida spp.	↓Epicoccum	Human
		↑Candida albicans	↓Unclassified fungi
		↑Candida dubliniensis	↓Galactomyces
			↓Debaryomyces
Ferrere et al[144] (2017)	Illumina MiSeq	↑Actinobacteria	↓Bacteroidetes	Murine
		↑Firmicutes	↓Proteobacteria
		↑Coriobacteriaceae
		↑Odoribacteriacea
		↑Clostridiaceae
		↑Dorea
Wang et al[145] (2019)	Illumina MiSeq	↑Verrucomicrobia	↓Bacteroidetes	Monkey
		↑Proteobacteria	↓Cytophagales
		↑Optitutus	↓Flavobacteriales
		↑Botrytis	↓Sphingobacteriales
		↑Sporothrix	↓Lactobacillales
			↓Nitrosomonadales
			↓Opitutales
			↓Helotiales
			↓Ophiostomatales
Zhong et al[146] (2021)	Illumina MiSeq	↑Proteobacteria	↓Ruminococcaceae	Human
		↑Fusobacteria	↓Faecalibacterium
		↑Fusobacteriaceae	↓Lachnospira
		↑Enterobacteriaceae	↓Agathobacter
		↑Burkholderiaceae	↓Ruminococcus
		↑Fusobacterium
		↑Escherichia-Shigella

Table 2 Representative studies presenting gut microbial dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Sequencing method	Overgrown microbes	Depleted microbes	Model
Michail et al[97] (2015)	Ion torrent	↑Actinobacteria	↓Erysipelotrichia	Human
		↑Prevotella	↓Alphaproteobacteria
		↑Clostridia	↓Verrucomicrobia
		↑Fusobacteria
		↑Epsilonproteobacteria
		↑Gammaproteobacteria
Wang et al[91] (2016)	Pyrosequencing	↑Bacteroidaceae	↓Lachnospiraceae	Human
		↑Prevotellaceae	↓Ruminococcaceae
			↓Lactobacillaceae
Raman et al[95] (2013)	Pyrosequencing	↑Alphaproteobacteria	↓Ruminococcaceae	Human
		↑Lactobacillaceae	↓Oscillibacter
		↑Lachnospiraceae	↓Porphyromonadaceae
		↑Veillonellaceae
Chierico et al[94] (2017)	Pyrosequencing	↑Actinobacteria	↓Bacteroidetes	Human
		↑Bradyrhizobium	↓Oscillospira
		↑Anaerococcus	↓Rikenellaceae
		↑Peptoniphilus
		↑Propionibacterium acnes
		↑Dorea
		↑Ruminococcus
Hoyles et al[90] (2018)	Shotgun	↑Proteobacteria	↓Firmicutes	Human
		↑Actinobacteria	↓Euryarchaeota
		↑Verrucomicrobia
Shen et al[92] (2017)	16S rDNA	↑Proteobacteria	↓Bacteroidetes	Human
		↑Fusobacteria	↓Prevotellaceae
		↑Lachnospiraceae	↓Ruminococcaceae
		↑Enterobacteriaceae	↓Prevotella
		↑Erysipelotrichaceae
		↑Streptococcaceae
		↑Escherichia Shigella
Zhu et al[84] (2013)	Pyrosequencing	↑Bacteroidetes	↓Actinobacteria	Human
		↑Proteobacteria	↓Bifidobacteriaceae
		↑Alcaligenaceae	↓Clostridiales family XI
		↑Campylobacteraceae	↓Lachnospiraceae
		↑Enterobacteriaceae
Chierico et al[94] (2017)	Pyrosequencing	↑Coriobacteriaceae	↓Porphyromonadaceae	Human
		↑Bacteroidaceae	↓Rikenellaceae
Minicis et al[147] (2014)	Pyrosequencing	↑Firmicutes	↓Bacteroidetes	Murine
		↑Actinobacteria
Lee et al[148] (2020)	16S rDNA	↑Firmicutes	↓Bacteroidetes	Murine
		↑Deferribacters	↓Lactobacillus murinus
		↑Helicobacter japonicus
		↑Mucispirillum schaedleri
		↑Flintibacter butyricus