Dysregulated liver function in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Current understanding and perspectives

Table 1 Altered biochemical markers of patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Region	No. of patients	Rate of abnormal liver test	Hepatocyte injury markers		Bile duct injury or cholestasis markers		Hepatic clearance markers	Infection-related biomarkers	Refs.
			ALT	AST	ALP	GGT	Total bilirubin	CRP
Shenzhen, China	417	76.3%	23.4%	14.80%	N/A	24.4%	11.5%	N/A	[33]
Wuhan, China	115	N/A	9.57%	14.78%	5.21%	13.4%	6.96%	N/A	[34]
Wuhan, China	99	43%	28%	35%	N/A	N/A	18%	86%	[6]
Wuhan, China	1099	N/A	21.3%	22.20%	N/A	N/A	10.5%	60.7%	[31]
Shanghai, China	148	37.20%	18.2%	21.6%	4.10%	17.60%	6%	8.7-32.3%	[35]
Wuhan, China	69	N/A	33%	28%	N/A	N/A	N/A	67%	[41]
Fuyang, China	125	N/A	20.8%	21.60%	N/A	N/A	N/A	70.4%	[42]
Japan	22	68.20%	54.5%	N/A	N/A	54.50%	N/A	N/A	[36]
Turkey	554	N/A	27.6%		4%		N/A	N/A	[37]
Zaragoza, Spain	531	64.3%	28.6%	40.90%	N/A	47.30%	N/A	N/A	[38]
Wuhan, China	81	N/A	29.5%	17.90%	N/A	N/A	3.6%	41.8%	[43]
New York, United States	5700	N/A	39%	58.40%	N/A	N/A	N/A	6.4-26.9%	[44]

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: -glutamyltransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; N/A: Not available.