Can control of gut microbiota be a future therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease?

Table 1 Randomized controlled studies of fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis

Ref.	Moayyedi et al[55]	Rossen et al[56]	Paramsothy et al[57]	Costello et al[58]
Date of publication	2015	2015	2017	2019
Reference number	55	56	57	58
Number of patients	38	23	41	38
Number of controls	37	25	40	35
Severity of UC	Mayo 4-12 (mild to severe)	SCCAI 4-11 (mild to moderate)	Mayo 4-10 (mild to moderate)	Mayo 3-10 (mild to moderate)
Donor and Donor stool	6 volunteers	15 donors	Multi-donors	Multi-donors
	fresh or frozen	fresh	(3-7 donors), frozen	(3-4 donors), frozen
Mode of FMT	Retention enema	Nasoduodenal tube	Colonoscopy and enema	Colonoscopy and enema
Number of FMT	6	2	41	3
	1/wk × 6 wk	0 and 3 wk	First infusion by colonoscopy + 5/wk for 8 wk by enema	3/wk (colonoscopy followed by 2 enemas)
Follow-up	6 wk	12 wk	8 wk	8 wk
Pretreatment with antibiotics	No	No	No	No
Primary endpoint	Remission (Mayo ≤ 2 with an endoscopic score of 0)	Remission (SCCAI ≤ 2) combined with ≥ 1-point decrease in Mayo endoscopic score	Steroid-free clinical remission with endoscopic remission or response (Mayo ≤ 2, all subscores ≤ 1, and ≥ 1-point reduction in endoscopy subscore)	Steroid-free remission with endoscopic remission (Mayo ≤ 2 with endoscopic subscore ≤ 1)
Subjects who achieved the primary endpoint	9/38 (24%) treated with FMT vs 2/37 (5%) control (P = 0.03)	7/23 (30.4%) treated with FMT vs 5/25 (20.0%) control (P = 0.51)	11/41 (27%) treated with FMT vs 3/40 (8%) control (P = 0.021)	12/38 (32%) treated with FMT vs 3/35 (9%) control (P = 0.03)

SCCAI: Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index; FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation; UC: Ulcerative colitis.