From hepatitis A to E: A critical review of viral hepatitis

Table 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for hepatitis A vaccination

	Recommendations
Children	Children age 12-23 mo
	Age 2-18 yr who have not received the vaccine (catch up vaccination)
High risk population	International travelers
	Men who have sex with men
	Illicit drug users
	People at occupational risk of exposure
	People anticipating close personal contact with international adoptee
	People experiencing Homeless
Population at high risk of severe hepatitis A	People with chronic liver disease
	HIV+ people
Others	Pregnant women at high risk or at risk of severe hepatitis A
	Any person requesting the vaccine

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Treatment criteria in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and immune active phase per society guidelines

Criteria	American Association for the Study of Liver Disease[61]	European Association for the Study of the Liver[63]	Asian Pacific Association for the study of Liver Diseases[62]
ALT	≥ 2 times ULN—males 35 U/L, females 25 U/L	> 1 time ULN—40 U/L	> 2 times ULN—40 U/L
HBV DNA viral load	> 2000 IU/mL if HBeAg negative or > 20000 IU/mL if HBeAg positive	> 2000 IU/mL, regardless of HBeAg status	> 2000 IU/mL if HBeAg negative or > 20000 IU/mL if HBeAg positive
Degree of liver fibrosis/inflammation	Liver biopsy with moderate-severe inflammation or advanced liver fibrosis (F3-F4). Liver elastography or serum markers showing advanced liver fibrosis (F3-F4)	Liver biopsy, liver elastography or non-invasive testing consistent with moderate-severe fibrosis (F3-F4)	Liver biopsy with moderate-severe inflammation or advanced liver fibrosis (F3-F4). Fibroscan or serum markers showing advanced liver fibrosis (F3-F4)

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; ULN: Upper limit of normal.