Antifungal activity and antidiarrheal activity via antimotility mechanisms of (-)-fenchone in experimental models

Table 1 Effect of oral (-)-fenchone and loperamide administration on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice

Tratament (p.o.)	Dose (mg/kg)	EI	Liquid stools (%)	Diarrheal inhibition (%)
Tween 80 5%		23 (20-24)	81
Loperamide	5	7 (4-7)e	8	87
(-)-Fenchone	37, 5	16 (14-17)	52	28
(-)-Fenchone	75	7 (6-7)a	19	51
(-)-Fenchone	150	4 (3-6)b	4	81
(-)-Fenchone	300	3 (3-4)e	4	88

Data expressed as median (minimum-maximum values) and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test (

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^eP < 0.001, compared to the 5% tween 80 group) (n = 7/per group). EI: Evacuation index.

Table 2 Effect of the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicide concentration (μg/mL) of (-)-fenchone against fungal strains

Species	Strains	(-)-Fenchone
		MIC (µg/mL)	MFC (µg/mL)
Candida albicans	ATCC-76645	32	32
Candida albicans	LM-05	32	32
Candida tropicalis	ATCC-13803	32	32
Candida tropicalis	LM-20	32	256
Candida kruzei	ATCC-6258	64	256
Candida krusei	LM-13	64	256

MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MFC: Minimum fungicide concentration.

Table 3 Determination of the fractional inhibitory concentration index of the association between (-)-fenchone and amphotericin B on Candida albicans strains

Strains	FICA, (-)-fenchone	FICB, Amphotericin B	FICI	Interaction type
Candida albicans (ATCC-76645)	1	1	2	Indifferent
Candida albicans (LM-05)	1	1	2	Indifferent

FICA: Fractional inhibitory concentration of the test product; FICB: Fractional inhibitory concentration of the standard antifungal; FICI: Fractional inhibitory concentration index.