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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2020; 26(43): 6770-6781
Published online Nov 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i43.6770
Table 1 De novo hepatocellular carcinoma incidence after direct-acting antiviral treatment
Ref.
Type of study
Patient (n) and characteristics
Follow-up time
De novo HCC incidence
Conti et al[14]Retrospective studyCirrhotic patients treated with DAAs (n = 285)Mean FU: 5.6 mo3.16%
Ravi et al[33]Retrospective studyCirrhotic patients treated with DAAs (n = 66)From SOT to 6 mo after EOT9.1%
Singer et al[34]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 30183), IFN-treated (n = 12948), untreated (n = 137502)Mean FU: 1.05 yr1.18 per 100 PY
Nahon et al[43]Retrospective studyAll compensated cirrhotic patients DAA-treated (n = 336), IFN-treated with SVR (n = 495), IFN-treated without SVR (n = 439)Median FU: 21.2 mo (IQR: 13.5-26.9)2.6 per 100 PY
Ioannou et al[35]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 21948), IFN-treated (n = 35871), DAA + IFN treated (n = 4535)Mean FU: 6.1 yr1.32 per 100 PY
Kanwal et al[37]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 22500)Mean FU: 1.02 yr1.18 per 100 PY
Cheung et al[42]ProspectivestudyDAA-treated (n = 406), untreated (n = 261)Median FU: 18 mo4%
Calleja et al[38]RetrospectivestudyDAA-treated (n = 3325)Mean FU: 18 mo11.3%
Mettke et al[44]Prospective studyDAA-treated (n = 158), untreated (n = 184)Median FU: 440 d2.90 per 100 PY
Carrat et al[45]ProspectivestudyDAA-treated (n = 7344), untreated (n = 2551)Median FU: 33.4 mo (IQR: 24.0-40.7)1.40 per 100 PY
Janjua et al[36]Retrospective studyIFN-treated (n = 8871), DAA-treated (n = 3905)Median FU: 1.0 yr6.9 per 1000 PY
Poordad et al[46]Prospective studyDAA-treated (n = 2211)156 wk from EOT1.4%
Sangiovanni et al[47]Prospective studyDAA-treated (n = 1285)Mean FU: 17 mo3.1 per 100 PY
Kanwal et al[39]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 18076)Mean FU: 2.9 yr3%
Romano et al[48]Prospective studyDAA-treated (n = 3917)Median FU: 523 d, (IQR: 381-699 d)0.97 per 100 PY
Tani et al[40]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 1088)Median FU: 13.8 mo2.38%
Watanabe et al[41]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 1438)Median FU: 803 d3.82%
Table 2 Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma incidence after direct-acting antiviral treatment
Ref.
Type of study
Patient (n) and characteristics
Follow-up time
Recurrent HCC incidence
Reig et al[13]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 103)Mean FU: 5.7 mo27.6%
Conti et al[14]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 59)Mean FU: 5.6 mo28.8%
ANRS CO22 HEPATHER[64]Prospective studyDAA-treated (n = 189), untreated (n = 78)Mean FU: 20.2 mo0.73 per 100 person-months
ANRS CO12 CirVir[64]Prospective studyAll biopsy proven cirrhotic patients, DAA-treated (n = 13), untreated (n = 66)Median FU: 21.3 mo (IQR: 13.0-33.5)1.11 per 100 person-months
ANRS CO23 CUPILT[64]Prospective studyLT recipients for HCC, treated with DAA (n = 314)Mean FU: 70 ± 64 mo after LT2.2%
Cabibbo et al[65]Prospective studyDAA-treated (n = 143)Mean FU: 8.7 mo20.3%
Lin et al[59]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 60), untreated (n = 47)Median FU: 20 mo37.1%
Singal et al[60]RetrospectivestudyDAA-treated (n = 304), IFN-treated (n = 489)Median FU: 10.4 mo (IQR: 5.3-20.8) since complete remissionDAA treated 42.1%, untreated 52.9%
Nagata et al[62]RetrospectivestudyDAA-treated (n = 83), IFN-treated (n = 60)Mean FU: IFN 81.6 mo, DAA 21.6 moIFN-treated 54.2%, DAA- treated 45.1%
Imai et al[63]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 13), IFN-treated (n = 34), untreated (n = 70)N/A
Table 3 Risk factors for de novo and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral therapy
Ref.
Type of study
Patient (n) and characteristics
Risk factors
Conti et al[14]Retrospective studyCirrhotic patients treated with DAAs (n = 285)No associated factor for de novo HCC, older age, liver stiffness for HCC recurrence
Singer et al[34]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 30183), IFN-treated (n = 12948), untreated (n = 137502)Older age, male gender, cirrhosis, thrombocytopenia, portal hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, alcoholic liver disease
Ioannou et al[35]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 21948), IFN-treated (n = 35871), DAA + IFN treated (n = 4535)Non-SVR, cirrhosis
Kanwal et al[37]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 22500)Non-SVR, alcohol use, non-African Americans, cirrhosis
Hanafy et al[71]ProspectivestudyAll decompensated cirrhotic patients, DAA-treated (n = 160), untreated (n = 80)An adequate baseline liver volume measured by ultrasound was associated with less HCC occurrence and better short-term survival
Kanwal et al[39]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 18076)High FIB-4/APRI, alcohol use, older age, genotype 3
Watanabe et al[41]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 1438)High FIB-4 index, AFP
Nagata et al[62]Retrospective studyDAA-treated (n = 83), IFN-treated (n = 60)IL-28 genetic polymorphism, post-treatment WFA+M2BP, AFP (> 5.4 ng/mL)
Ide et al[68]ProspectivestudyCHC DAA-treated (n = 2552)Age ≥ 62 yr, male gender, FIB-4 index ≥ 4.6, GGTP level ≥ 44 IU/L
Calvaruso et al[69]Prospective studyHCV cirrhosis DAA-treated (n = 2249)Albumin < 3.5 g/dL, platelets < 120 × 109/L, absence of SVR
Romano et al[48]Prospective studyCHC > F3 DAA-treated (n = 3917)HBsAg+, APRI ≥ 2.5, CPT B, treatment failure
Sangiovanni et al[47]Retrospective study1161 HCC-free HCV cirrhotics, DAA treated, 124 HCV cirrhotics who had received a curative treatment for an HCC DAA treatedDe novo HCC: Ascites, AFP, recurrent HCC: History of alcohol abuse, history of HCC recurrence