Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of 10 medicinal herbs on CCl4-induced liver injury in mice

doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5629

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2020; 26(37): 5629-5645
Published online Oct 7, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5629

Table 1 Ferric-reducing antioxidant power, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content values of ten medicinal herbs (n = 8)

Scientific name of original medicinal plant	Parts with medicinal properties	FRAP value	TEAC value	TPC value	TFC value
Scientific name of original medicinal plant	Parts with medicinal properties	(μmol Fe²⁺/g DW)	(μmol TE/g DW)	(mg GAE/g DW)	(mg QE/g DW)
Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms	Root and rhizome	53.07 ± 0.23^e	54.70 ± 3.73^d	2.05 ± 0.16^d	0.44 ± 0.01^e
Amomum villosum Lour.	Fruit	219.85 ± 14.44^c	210.18 ± 23.88^c	18.42 ± 0.25^c	1.98 ± 0.07^c,d
Amomum kravanh Pierre ex Gagnep.	Fruit	29.80 ± 0.29^e	37.34 ± 1.02^d	18.49 ± 0.70^c	0.32 ± 0.01^e
Artemisia capillaris Thunb.	Herb	146.71 ± 2.91^d	208.16 ± 1.42^c	19.06 ± 0.21^c	1.55 ± 0.11^d
Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.	Rhizome	191.25 ± 6.38^c,d	214.60 ± 25.17^c	17.07 ± 0.28^c	0.40 ± 0.06^e
Coptis chinensis Franch.	Rhizome	557.04 ± 4.73^b	450.36 ± 27.23^b	50.15 ± 1.14^b	7.39 ± 0.39^b
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.	Root and rhizome	29.85 ± 2.10^e	53.09 ± 2.59^d	5.70 ± 0.04^d	3.71 ± 0.19^c
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi	Flower	216.53 ± 11.34^c	213.25 ± 9.65^c	14.18 ± 0.11^c	2.86 ± 0.35^c
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi	Root	554.38 ± 3.92^b	454.06 ± 8.14^b	45.06 ± 0.07^b	6.84 ± 0.08^b
Sanguisorba officinalis L.	Root	1141.88 ± 81.16^a	1554.48 ± 68.58^a	91.59 ± 0.00^a	14.93 ± 0.24^a

^a,b,c,d,eP < 0.05, different superscript letters indicate statistical significance. DW: dried weight; FRAP: ferric-reducing antioxidant power; GAE: gallic acid equivalent; QE: quercetin equivalent; TE: Trolox equivalent; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TFC: total flavonoid content; TPC: total phenolic content.

Table 2 Correlation analysis between ferric-reducing antioxidant power, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content values

Correlation Coefficient (R²)	FRAP value (μmol Fe²⁺/g DW)	TEAC value (μmol TE/g DW)	TPC value (mg GAE/g DW)	TFC value (mg QE/g DW)
FRAP value	1	0.9340	0.9600	0.9139
TEAC value	-	1	0.9013	0.8729
TPC value	-	-	1	0.8829
TFC value	-	-	-	1

DW: Dried weight; FRAP: Ferric-reducing antioxidant power; GAE: Gallic acid equivalent; TE: Trolox equivalent; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TFC: Total flavonoid content; TPC: Total phenolic content; QE: quercetin equivalent.

Table 3 Online analytical processing cubes based on systematic cluster analysis for indicators of CCl₄-induced liver injury, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content (cluster number = 3)

		ALT	AST	ALP	TBIL	sTG	SOD	CAT	GSH	MDA	FRAP	TEAC	TPC	TFC
Clt 1	Sum	1080.59	3017.02	1640.70	16.89	9.48	1997.54	349.62	91.24	11.58	887.06	991.32	94.97	11.26
AV	n	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7
AS	mean	154.37	431.00	234.39	2.41	1.35	285.36	49.95	13.03	1.65	126.72	141.62	13.57	1.61
AK	SD	27.92	82.89	15.86	0.20	0.09	7.67	9.92	2.17	0.22	87.09	87.42	6.89	1.33
GU	% of TS	78.9%	78.6%	73.5%	72.5%	72.0%	68.9%	64.1%	61.6%	74.2%	28.2%	28.7%	33.7%	27.9%
AC	% of TN	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%	70.0%
CH
PF
Clt 2	Sum	193.77	567.29	398.53	4.39	2.46	595.96	128.15	37.99	2.74	1111.42	904.42	95.21	14.23
CC	n	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
PR	mean	96.89	283.65	199.27	2.20	1.23	297.98	64.08	19.00	1.37	555.71	452.21	47.61	7.12
	SD	4.79	9.30	13.09	0.19	0.06	1.27	2.10	1.10	0.04	1.88	2.62	3.60	0.39
	% of TS	14.1%	14.8%	17.9%	18.8%	18.7%	20.6%	23.5%	25.7%	17.6%	35.4%	26.2%	33.8%	35.2%
	% of TN	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%	20.0%
Clt 3	Sum	95.34	256.05	192.78	2.03	1.23	304.69	67.44	18.85	1.28	1141.88	1554.48	91.59	14.93
SO	n	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	mean	95.34	256.05	192.78	2.03	1.23	304.69	67.44	18.85	1.28	1141.88	1554.48	91.59	14.93
	SD	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	% of TS	7.0%	6.7%	8.6%	8.7%	9.3%	10.5%	12.4%	12.7%	8.2%	36.4%	45.1%	32.5%	36.9%
	% of TN	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%	10.0%
Total	Sum	1369.70	3840.36	2232.01	23.31	13.17	2898.19	545.21	148.08	15.60	3140.36	3450.22	281.77	40.42
	n	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
	mean	136.97	384.04	223.20	2.33	1.32	289.82	54.52	14.81	1.56	314.04	345.02	28.18	4.04
	SD	36.16	101.81	22.67	0.22	0.10	9.71	11.01	3.38	0.23	348.53	449.84	27.02	4.59
	% of TS	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
	% of TN	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%

ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; sTG: Serum triglycerides; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase; GSH: Glutathione; MDA: Malondialdehyde; FRAP: Ferric-reducing antioxidant power; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TPC: Total phenolic content; TFC: Total flavonoid content; Clt: Cluster; SD: Standard deviation; TN: Total number; TS: Total sum; AS: Acanthopanax senticosus; AV: Amomum villosum; AK: Amomum kravanh; AC: Artemisia capillaris; CH: Cimicifuga heracleifolia; CC: Coptis chinensis; GU: Glycyrrhiza uralensis; PF: Pueraria lobata flower; PR: Pueraria lobata root; SO: Sanguisorba officinalis.

Table 4 Identification of the main phytochemical components in Sanguisorba officinalis decoction using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization source-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (positive or negative mode)

Peak	RT (min)	λ_max (nm)	[M+H]⁺	[M-H]^-	MS/MS fragments	MW	Putative compound	Ref.
1	7.10	270	/	169	125	170	Gallic acid¹	[33]
2	10.52	275	/	345; 865	313, 169, 151, 125; 739, 695, 577, 543, 407, 287	346; 866	Galloyl-methylglucoside; Procyanidin C2	[33]
3	16.10	278	291	/	273, 165, 151, 139, 123	290	(+)-Catechin¹	[33]
4	20.87	275	/	729	577, 559, 407	730	Procyanidin B3 3-O-gallate	[33]
5	22.35	274	563	/	545, 423, 411, 435, 393, 271	562	Fisetinidol-(4α/β→8)-(+)-catechin	[33]
6	23.65	272	/	1103	1059, 935, 633, 469	1104	Sanguiin H-2	[31]
7	54.30	264/362	/	277	197, 182, 111	278	Methoxygallic acid methyl ester 5-O-sulfate	[32]
8	68.30	243/372	345	/	330, 313	344	3,3’,4’-O-trimethylellagic acid	[33]

¹Identification of phytochemical compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), and MS/MS using commercial standards or based on published values[31-33]. RT: Retention time; λmax: Maximum absorbance wavelength; MS: Mass spectrometry; MW: Molecular weight.

Citation: Meng X, Tang GY, Liu PH, Zhao CJ, Liu Q, Li HB. Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of 10 medicinal herbs on CCl₄-induced liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(37): 5629-5645
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i37/5629.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5629