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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 28, 2020; 26(32): 4753-4762
Published online Aug 28, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4753
Table 1 Digestive system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019
Ref.CitySample size (n)Disease severityPreexisting digestive system diseases (%)Digestive system symptoms
Guan et al[4]Multicenter, China1099Nonsevere (84.3%); severe (15.7%)Hepatitis B infection (2.1%)Diarrhea (3.8%); nausea and vomiting (5.0%)
Zhou et al[5]Wuhan, China191General (38%); severe (35%); critical (28%)NADiarrhea (5%); nausea or vomiting (4%)
Chen et al[9]Wuhan, China99NADigestive system disease (11%)Diarrhea (2%); nausea and vomiting (1%)
Shi et al[10]Wuhan, China81NAChronic liver disease (9%)Diarrhea (4%); vomiting (5%)
Huang et al[11]Wuhan, China41Nonsevere (68.3%); severe (31.7%)Chronic liver disease (2%)Diarrhea (3%)
Wu et al[12]Jiangsu, China80Mild (35.0%); moderate (61.25%); severe (3.75%); critical (0%)Digestive system disease (3.75%); chronic liver disease (1.25%);Diarrhea (1.25%); nausea and vomiting (1.25%)
Xu et al[13]Zhejiang, China62NAChronic liver disease (11%)Diarrhea (8%)
Yang et al[14]Wuhan, China52Critical (100%)NAVomiting (4%)
Wang et al[15]Wuhan, China138Nonsevere (73.9%); severe (26.1%)Chronic liver disease (2.9%)Diarrhea (10.1%); nausea (10.1%); vomiting (3.6%); abdominal pain (2.2%)
Pan et al[18]Wuhan, China21Nonsevere (100%)NALoss of appetite (43%)
Jin et al[7]Zhejiang, China651Nonsevere (90.2%); severe/critical (9.8%)Chronic liver disease (3.8%)Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (11.4%)
Xie et al[20]Wuhan, China79Moderate (64.6%); severe (35.4%)NADiarrhea (8.9%)
Chen et al[22]Hubei, China274Recovered (58.8%); died (41.2%)Gastrointestinal diseases (1%); hepatitis B virus positivity (4%)Diarrhea (28%); nausea (9%); vomiting (6%); abdominal pain (7%)
Table 2 Characteristics of liver injury in coronavirus disease 2019
Ref.CitySample size (n)Disease severityPreexisting liver diseases (%)AST (U/L)ALT (U/L)LDH (U/L)Percentage with abnormal liver function
Guan et al[4]Multicenter, China1099Nonsevere (84.3%); severe (15.7%)2.1NANANAAST (22.2%); ALT (21.3%); total bilirubin (10.5%); LDH (41.0%)
Zhou et al[5]Wuhan, China191General (38%); severe (35%); critical (28%)NANA30 (17-46)300 (234-407)ALT (31%); LDH (67%); ALT and LDH significantly increased in nonsurvivors
Chen et al[9]Wuhan, China99NANA34 (26-48)39 (22-53)336 (260-447)AST (28%); ALT (35%); total bilirubin (18%); LDH (76%)
Shi et al[10]Wuhan, China81NA940.8 ± 17.946.2 ± 29.5NAAST (53%)
Huang et al[11]Wuhan, China41Nonsevere (68.3%); severe (31.7%)234 (26-48)32 (21-50)286 (242-408)AST (37%); LDH (73%); ALT, AST, and LDH levels in ICU patients significantly higher than those in non-ICU patients
Wu et al[12]Jiangsu, China80Mild (35.0%); moderate (61.25%); severe (3.75%); critical (0%)1.2530 (19-39)24 (12-38)226 (182-308)ALT or AST (3.75%); LDH (21.25%)
Xu et al[13]Zhejiang, China62NA1126 (20-32)22 (14-34)205 (184-260.5)AST (16.1%); LDH (27%)
Yang et al[14]Wuhan, China52Critical (100%)NANANANALiver dysfunction (29%)
Wang et al[15]Wuhan, China138Nonsevere (73.9%); severe (26.1%)2.931 (24-51)24 (16-40)261 (182-403)ALT, AST, total bilirubin, LDH levels in ICU patients significantly higher than those in non-ICU patients
Liu et al[17]Multicenter, China32Nonsevere (87.5%); severe (12.5%)3.1325 (19-32)27 (17-46)NAAST (6.2%); ALT (28.1%)
Pan et al[18]Wuhan, China21Nonsevere (100%)NA32 (15-95)42 (12-107)242 (156-377)NA
Zhang et al[19]Wuhan, China115Nonsevere (73.0%); severe (27.0%)NA28.30 ± 15.6625.71 ± 21.08222.77 ± 159.07ALT (9.6%); AST (14.8%); ALP (5.2%); GGT (13.0%); TB (6.1%); LDH (22.6%)
Xie et al[20]Wuhan, China79Moderate (64.6%); severe (35.4%)NA34.5 (25.3-55.3)36.5 (17.5-71.5)NAALT (31.6%); AST (35.4%); TB (5.1%)
Wu etal[21]Wuhan, China201NA3.533 (26-45)31 (19.75-47.00)307.5 (232.25-389.25)NA
Chen et al[22]Wuhan, China274Recovered (58.8%); died (41.2%)423 (15-38)30 (22-46)321.5 (249.8-510.5)ALT (22%); AST (31%); LDH (42%)
Lei et al[23]Wuhan, China5771Nonsevere (79.4%); severe (20.6%)1.424 (17-35)24 (15.1-39)NANA