Role of long noncoding RNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Long noncoding RNA-mediated competitive endogenous RNA network in hepatocellular carcinoma

LncRNA	Dysregulation	SpongedmiRNA(s)	Affected mRNA(s)/ signaling pathway(s)	Biological functions	Ref.
RAET1K	Up-regulated	miR-100-5p	LDHA	Enhances HCC glycolysis and progression	Zhou et al[24]
TUG1	Up-regulated	miR-455-3p	HK2	Promotes HCC glycolysis and metastasis	Lin et al[26]
HOTAIR	Up-regulated	miR-130a-3p	HIF1	Promotes glycolysis	Hu et al[28]
		miR-218	Bmi-1	Promotes HCC cell proliferation	Fu et al[74]
		miR-1	FOXC1	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Su et al[75]
		miR-214-3p	FLOT1	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Liu et al[77]
		miR-23b-3p	ZEB1	Promotes HCC invasion and metastasis	Yang et al[78]
MEG3	Down-regulated	miR-483-3p	ERp29	Inhibits glycolysis	Li et al[29]
		miR-9-5p	SOX11	Promotes HCC cell apoptosis and inhibits cell growth	Liu et al[93]
		miRNA-10a-5p	PTEN	Inhibits HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Zhang et al[94]
NEAT1	Up-regulated	miR-155	Tim-3	Facilitates CD8+T cells-mediated immune escape	Yan et al[35]
		miR-335	c-Met-Akt pathway	Enhances HCC resistance to sorafenib	Chen et al[130]
FENDRR	Down-regulated	miR-423-5p	GADD45β	Suppresses Treg-mediated immune escape	Yu et al[38]
PVT1	Up-regulated	miR-365	ATG3	Promotes autophagy	Yang et al[44]
HNF1A-AS1	Up-regulated	hsa-miR-30b-5p	ATG5	Stimulates autophagy	Liu et al[45]
CCAT1	Up-regulated	miR-181a-5p	ATG7	Induces autophagy	Guo et al[46]
		Let-7	HMGA2 and c-Myc	Promotes HCC cell proliferation and migration	Deng et al[81]
		miR-490-3p	CDK1	Promotes HCC cell proliferation and invasion	Dou et al[82]
		miR-30c-2-3p	CCNE1	Promotes HCC cell proliferation	Zhang et al[83]
HCG11	Up-regulated	miR-26a-5p	ATG12	Promotes autophagy	Li et al[47]
LINC00665	Up-regulated	miR-186-5p	MAP4K3	Facilitates autophagy	Shan et al[49]
HULC	Up-regulated	miR-107	SPHK1	Promotes angiogenesis	Lu et al[52]
		miR-200a-3p	ZEB1	Enhances EMT and promotes HCC growth and metastasis	Li et al[65]
		miR-2052	MET	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Zhang et al[66]
		miR-186	HMGA2	Promotes HCC growth and metastasis	Wang et al[68]
		miR-372-3p	Rab11a	Promotes HCC growth and metastasis	Cao et al[71]
		miR-6825-5p, miR-6845-5p, and miR-6886-3p	USP22	Increases HCC resistance to oxaliplatin	Xiong et al[142]
MALAT1	Up-regulated	miR-3064-5p	FOXA1/CD24/Src pathway	Promotes angiogenesis	Zhang et al[53]
		miR-140	VEGF-A	Promotes angiogenesis	Hou et al[54]
		miR-124	PI3K/Akt pathway	Enhances HBx-induced CSC properties	He et al[59]
		miR-216b	HIF-2α	Enhances HCC resistance to 5-FU	Yuan et al[155]
LINC00488	Up-regulated	miR-330-5p	TLN1	Facilitates angiogenesis	Gao et al[55]
DANCR	Up-regulated	miR-214, miR-320a and miR-199a	CTNNB1	Enhances the stemness of HCC cells	Yuan et al[61]
ANRIL	Up-regulated	miR-384	STAT3	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Ji et al[85]
		miR-122-5p	N/A	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion	Ma et al[86]
		miR-144	PBX3	Promotes HCC cell growth, migration, and invasion	Ma et al[87]
GAS5	Down-regulated	miR-21	PDCD4 and PTEN	Suppresses HCC cell migration and invasion	Hu et al[89]
		miR-135b	RECK	Inhibits HCC invasion	Yang et al[90]
		miR-1323	TP53INP1	Inhibits HCC cell proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis	Zhang et al[91]
		miR-222	N/A	Increases HCC sensitivity to cisplatin	Zhao et al[151]
ASB16-AS1	Up-regulated	miR-1827	FZD4 Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Promotes HCC growth and invasion	Yao et al[97]
DSCR8	Up-regulated	miR-485-5p	FZD7 Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Promotes HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle	Wang et al[99]
LINC00662	Up-regulated	miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-107	WNT3A Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Promotes HCC growth and metastasis	Tian et al[101]
SNHG5	Up-regulated	miR-26a-5p	GSK3β Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Promotes HCC metastasis and EMT	Li et al[103]
SOX9-AS1	Up-regulated	miR-5590-3p	SOX9 Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Facilitates HCC growth and metastasis	Zhang et al[105]
DLGAP1-AS1	Up-regulated	miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p	IL-6 JAK2/STAT3 pathway and CDK8/LRP6 Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Facilitates HCC EMT and progression	Lin et al[109]
MIR22HG	Down-regulated	miR-10a-5p	NCoR2 Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Inhibits HCC growth, migration, and invasion	Wu et al[111]
PTTG3P	Up-regulated	miR-383	CCND1/PARP2 and PI3K/Akt pathway	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibits apoptosis	Zhou et al[115]
DLEU1	Up-regulated	miR-133a	IGF-1R PI3K/AKT pathway	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Zhang et al[116]
TCL6	Down-regulated	miR-106a-5p	PTEN PI3K/AKT pathway	Inhibits HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Luo et al[117]
CDKN2B-AS1	Up-regulated	let-7c-5p	NAP1L1 PI3K/AKT/ mTOR pathway	Promote HCC growth and metastasis	Huang et al[118]
GAS6-AS2	Up-regulated	miR-493-5p	OTUB1 PI3K-AKT- FoxO3a pathway	Promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Liang et al[119]
SNHG12	Up-regulated	miR-199a/b-5p	MLK3 NF-κB pathway	Promotes HCC cell proliferation and tumorigenicity	Lan et al[125]
CASC2	Down-regulated	miR-362-5p	CYLD NF-κB pathway	Inhibits HCC cell migration and invasion	Zhao et al[127]; Ni et al[128]
		miR-222	N/A	Enhances HCC sensitivity to cisplatin	Liu et al[150]
LINC-ROR	Up-regulated	miR-876-5p	FOXM1	Increases HCC resistance to sorafenib	Zhi et al[134]
		miR-145	RAD18	Enhances radiation resistance of HCC cells	Chen et al[163]
LINC00160	Up-regulated	miR-132	PIK3R3	Promotes HCC resistance to sorafenib	Zhang et al[136]
FOXD2-AS1	Up-regulated	miR-150-5p	TMEM9	Facilitates HCC resistance to sorafenib	Sui et al[138]
SNHG3	Up-regulated	miR-128	CD151	Promotes HCC resistance to sorafenib	Zhang et al[140]
SNHG16	Up-regulated	miR-140-5p	N/A	Increases HCC resistance to sorafenib	Ye et al[141]
		let-7b-5p	N/A	Enhances HCC resistance to oxaliplatin	Li et al[149]
NR2F1-AS1	Up-regulated	miR-363	ABCC1	Enhances HCC resistance to oxaliplatin	Huang et al[144]
KCNQ1OT1	Up-regulated	miR-7-5p	ABCC1	Increases HCC resistance to oxaliplatin	Hu et al[145]
NRAL	Up-regulated	miR-340-5p	Nrf2	Facilitates HCC resistance to cisplatin	Wu et al[147]
LINC01234	Up-regulated	miR-31-5p	MAGEA3	Promotes HCC resistance to cisplatin	Chen et al[148]
CRNDE	Up-regulated	miR-33a	HMGA2	Promotes HCC resistance to 5-FU	Han et al[152]
KRAL	Down-regulated	miR-141	Keap1	Reverses HCC resistance to 5-FU	Wu et al[158]
NEAT1_2	Up-regulated	miR-101-3p	WEE1	Enhances radio-resistance of HCC cells	Chen et al[160]
LINC00473	Up-regulated	miR-345-5p	FOXP1	Promotes radio-resistance of HCC cells	Zhang et al[165]

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LncRNAs: Long noncoding RNAs; ceRNA: Competitive endogenous RNA; RAET1K: Retinoic acid early transcript 1K; LDHA: Lactate dehydrogenase isoform A; TUG1: Taurine up-regulation gene 1; HK2: Hemikinase 2; HOTAIR: Homeobox transcript antisense RNA; HIF1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; Bmi-1:B lymphoma moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1; FOXC1: Forkhead box C1; FLOT1: Flotillin 1; ZEB1: Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; MEG3: Maternally expressed gene 3; ERp29: ER protein 29; SOX11: SRY-related HMG-box transcription factor 11; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; NEAT1: Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1; Tim-3: T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3; FENDRR: Fetal-lethal noncoding developmental regulatory RNA; GADD45β: Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta; PVT1: Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1; ATG3: Autophagy related genes 3; HNF1A-AS1: HNF1A antisense RNA 1; ATG5: Autophagy related genes 5; CCAT1: Colon cancer associated transcript 1; ATG7: Autophagy related genes 7; HMGA2: High mobility group AT-hook 2; CDK1: Cyclin-dependent kinase 1; CCNE1: Cyclin E1; HCG11: HLA complex group 11; ATG12: Autophagy related genes 12; LINC00665: Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 665; MAP4K3: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3; HULC: Highly upregulated in liver cancer; SPHK1: Sphingosine kinase 1; MET: Hepatocyte growth factor receptor; Rab11a: Member RAS oncogene family; USP22: Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22; MALAT1: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; FOXA1: Forkhead box A1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; PI3K/Akt pathway: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B; CSC: Liver cancer stem cell; HIF-2α: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α; TLN1: Talin 1; DANCR: Differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA; CTNNB1: Catenin beta-1; ANRIL: Antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; N/A: Not available.; PBX3: Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3; GAS5: Growth arrest-specific 5; PDCD4: Programmed cell death 4; RECK: Cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs; TP53INP1:Tumor protein p53-induced nuclear protein 1;ASB16-AS1:ASB16 antisense RNA 1; FZD4: Frizzled 4; DSCR8: Down syndrome critical region 8; FZD7: Frizzled-7; WNT3A:Wingless-type MMTV integration site family 3A; SNHG5: Small nucleolar RNA host gene 5; GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3β; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; SOX9-AS1: SOX9 antisense RNA 1; SOX9: Sex determining region Y-box 9; DLGAP1-AS1: Long noncoding RNA DLGAP1 antisense RNA 1; IL-6: Interleukin- 6; JAK2: Janus kinase 2; CDK8: Cyclin-dependent kinase 8; LRP6: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6; MIR22HG: MIR22 host gene; NCoR2: Nuclear receptor corepressor 2; PTTG3P: Pituitary tumor-transforming 3; CCND1: Cyclin D1; PARP2: Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 2; DLEU1: Deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1; IGF-1R : Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; TCL6: T cell leukemia/lymphoma 6; CDKN2B-AS1: CDKN2B antisense RNA 1; NAP1L1: Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 1; mTOR: Mammalian rapamycin; GAS6-AS2: Growth arrest specific 6 antisense RNA 2; OTUB1: OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1; FOXO3a: Forkhead Box O3a; SNHG12: Small nucleolar RNA host gene 12; MLK3: Mixed-lineage kinase 3; NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; CASC2: Cancer susceptibility candidate 2; CYLD: Cylindromatosis; LINC-ROR: Intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming; FoxM1: Forkhead box M1; RAD18: A RING-type ubiquitin ligase E3; PIK3R3: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3; FOXD2-AS1: FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1; TMEM9: Transmembrane protein 9; SNHG3: Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3; SNHG16: Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16; NR2F1-AS1: NR2F1 antisense RNA 1; ABCC1: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1; KCNQ1OT1: KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1; NRAL: Nrf2 regulation-associated lncRNA; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2; MAGEA3: Melanoma-associated antigen A3; CRNDE: Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed; KRAL: Keap1 regulation-associated lncRNA; Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; NEAT1_2: Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1_2; WEE1: WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase; FOXP1: Forkhead box protein P1.