Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 14, 2020; 26(22): 3087-3097
Published online Jun 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.3087
Table 1 Summary of minimally invasive treatment performed for 178 patients with infectious pancreatic necrosis
TreatmentNumber of patientsPercentage
PCD3519.66
VARD3519.66
LATOD1810.11
PCD + VARD/LATOD7843.82
VARD + LATOD42.25
PCD + LPD31.69
PCD + VARD + LATOD52.81
Total178100
Table 2 Demographics of patients who underwent minimally invasive treatment for infectious pancreatic necrosis
Patients without recurrent infection, n = 156Patients with recurrent infection, n = 13P value
Age in yr53 ± 156 ± 40.435
Male sex, n (%)96 (61.54)6 (46.15)0.128
Smoke, n (%)54 (34.62)5 (38.46)0.224
Alcohol, n (%)24 (15.38)0 (0)0.126
Medical history, n (%)
Pancreatitis27 (17.31)1 (7.69)0.243
Cardiovascular Disease10 (6.41)2 (15.38)0.180
Diabetes3 (1.92)1 (7.69)0.246
Renal disease8 (5.13)0 (0)0.520
Liver disease14 (8.97)0 (0)0.311
BMI in kg/m223.63 ± 0.1323.99 ± 0.430.430
Table 3 Clinical characteristics of patients who underwent minimally invasive treatment for infectious pancreatic necrosis
Patients without recurrent infection, n = 156Patients with recurrent infection, n = 13P value
Time onset of IPN in d53 ± 155 ± 50.796
Cause of IPN, n (%)
Biliary92 (58.97)6 (46.15)0.543
Alcohol23 (14.74)3 (23.08)0.136
Idiopathic5 (3.21)1 (7.69)0.386
Hypertriglyceridemia36 (23.08)3 (23.08)1.000
BISAP score3.53 ± 0.053.62 ± 0.140.632
APACHE II score9.56 ± 0.188.92 ± 0.400.328
Impaired mental status, n (%)21 (13.46)2 (15.38)0.302
SIRS, n (%)146 (93.59)12 (92.31)0.395
Pre-operative blood test
WBC as 109/L14.59 ± 0.28115.32 ± 0.6010.466
BUN in mmol/L10.45 ± 0.5019.09 ± 0.9710.440
Creatinine in µmol/L156.86 ± 9.091115.61 ± 10.6010.195
CRP in mg/L66.47 ± 5.63142.66 ± 10.4410.230
IL-6 in pg/mL62.25 ± 7.79153.05 ± 8.4510.735
Procalcitonin in ng/mL2.44 ± 0.1912.29 ± 0.5510.823
Minimally invasive treatment0.157
Sole treatment with PCD/VARD/LATOD, n (%)86 (55.13)4 (30.77)
Combined treatment, n (%)70 (44.87)9 (69.23)
Post treatment blood test
WBC as 109/L7.37 ± 0.2111.00 ± 0.610.000
BUN in mmol/L6.89 ± 0.216.92 ± 0.750.974
Creatinine in µmol/L86.82 ± 2.7874.85 ± 7.460.227
CRP in mg/L7.68 ± 0.5418.97 ± 3.8410.000
IL-6 in pg/mL8.28 ± 0.6818.76 ± 4.2410.000
Procalcitonin in ng/mL0.04 ± 0.010.09 ± 0.010.000
Duration of drainage in d79 ± 3104 ± 130.025
Catheter length in cm7.13 ± 0.2610.68 ± 0.660.000
Table 4 Bivariate and multivariate correlation analysis to identify factors associated with infection recurrence after drainage catheter removal
VariablePearson's correlation coefficientBWaldP value
WBC0.3280.6618.6220.003
CRP0.2650.2057.740.005
IL-60.1920.0752.2470.134
Procalcitonin0.32724.7794.5330.033
Duration of drainage0.1590.0110.7120.399
Catheter length0.2770.5896.0320.014
Table 5 Cut-off value and ability of independent risk factors to predict infection recurrence
Area under curve (95%CI)P valueCut-offSensitivitySpecificity
WBC as 109/L× 0.856 (0.739-0.972)0.0009.950.770.83
CRP in mg/L0.787 (0.670-0.904)0.0017.370.770.62
PCT in ng/mL0.854 (0.767-0.941)0.0000.050.850.75
Catheter length in cm0.800 (0.699-0.900)0.0008.050.850.61