Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 14, 2020; 26(2): 199-218
Published online Jan 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i2.199
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, n (%)
CharacteristicRifaximin group (n = 50)Control group (n = 25)P value
Age54.60 ± 9.0559.04 ± 10.010.057
Sex (male/female)42/818/70.221
Etiology
HBV14 (28)9 (36)0.479
HCV3 (6)0 (0)0.546
Alcohol22 (44)7 (28)0.180
HBV/alcohol7 (14)3 (12)1.000
NASH1 (2)3 (12)0.105
AIH1 (2)0 (0)1.000
PBC0 (0)1 (4)0.333
Cryptogenic2 (4)2 (8)0.597
Child-Pugh grade (B/C)21/2916/90.072
MELD score10 (6-13)8 (6-10)0.094
Furosemide (mg/d)80 (40-80)80 (40-80)0.246
Spironolactone (mg/d)160 (80-160)160 (100-160)0.315
Ascites (grade 1/2)38/1220/50.978
AKI3 (6)2 (8)1.000
SBP19 (38)9 (36)0.866
Hypertension7 (14)5 (20)0.738
Diabetes mellitus19 (38)9 (36)0.866
Biochemistry
ALT (U/L)24.85 (13.75-42.58)20.50 (16.40-34.95)0.673
Alb (g/L)28.40 ± 5.3027.68 ± 3.790.526
TBil (μmol/L)43.80 (25.88-93.78)24.70 (18.75-55.55)0.039
Scr (μmol/L)70.20 (57.00-93.53)64.20 (53.10-74.35)0.256
Urea (mmol/L)7.17 ± 4.706.68 ± 3.320.641
eGFR (mL/min 1.73 m2)95.49 (76.17-114.81)98.80 (86.80-109.37)0.897
Coagulation
PTA (%)54.00 (45.00-68.50)64.00 (56.50-74.50)0.030
INR1.53 ± 0.391.37 ± 0.260.074
Routine blood test
WBC (109/L)4.38 (3.41-6.04)3.87 (3.26-6.78)0.955
HGB (g/L)101.22 ± 25.9198.36 ± 23.030.642
PLT (109/L)77 (54-102)101 (56-172)0.069
Table 2 Changes in clinical data of patients after treatment in the two groups
Rifaximin group (n = 50)
Control group (n = 25)
P value
d0d15mean deltad0d15Mean delta
Weight (kg)70.00 (60.00-78.75)69.00 (58.00-74.00)-3.3062.00 (55.00-71.25)59.5 (54.88-59.5)-1.200.011
Cr (μmol/L)70.20 (57.00-93.53)78.25 (63.10-92.68)11.829 (8.00-11.00)73.0 (63.35-95.65)13.540.777
Urea (mmol/L)7.17±4.709.07±6.711.908 (5.50-10.00)7.63±3.310.950.258
eGFR (mL/min 1.73 m2)95.49 (76.17-114.81)93.11 (71.92-108.00)-5.2098.80 (86.80-109.37)92.0 (61.59-99.54)-9.680.136
Child-Pugh score10 (8.00-11.25)9 (8.00-10.25)-0.909 (8.00-11.00)8 (7.50-10.50)-0.760.666
MELD score10 (6.00-13.00)11.5 (6.75-15.25)0.608 (5.50-10.00)8 (6.50-10.00)0.920.688
Table 3 Changes in the cytokine and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels in patients after treatment in the two groups
Rifaximin group (n = 26)
Control group (n = 13)
P value
d0d15d0d15
IL-6 (pg/mL)29.73 ± 101.828. 93 ± 6.1327.05 ± 45.7018.75 ± 39.110.644
IL-8 (pg/mL)45.12 ± 91.71117.47 ± 359.7731.51 ± 90.8242.92 ± 128.150.557
TNF-α (pg/mL)3.62 ± 2.223.23 ± 1.312.79 ± 0.723.07 ± 0.830.356
MCP-1 (pg/mL)93.32 ± 49.0098.41 ± 61.2186.71 ± 44.1479.61 ± 39.870.481
IP-10 (pg/mL)187.83 ± 180.08150.35 ± 126.2298.53 ± 57.02228.25 ± 232.650.024
LBP (pg/mL)6140682.77 ± 3478004.745828915.42 ± 3761441.655784964.46 ± 2841716.759792449.77 ± 8492517.570.071
Table 4 Changes in the abundance of beneficial bacteria after treatment
ClassificationRifaximin
Rifaximin + antibiotics
BeforeAfterP valueBeforeAfterP value
g_Lactobacillus1.9243.9030.7910.5812.5350.547
g_Bifidobacterium12.56721.9490.3015.0369.5240.641
s_Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii10.4488.1930.9106.5903.2060.148