Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2020; 26(15): 1792-1804
Published online Apr 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1792
Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
CharacteristicLNN (n = 668)LN (n = 142)ONN (n = 135)ON (n = 519)P value
LN-LNNLN-ONNLN-ON
Age (yr)55.81 ± 7.9254.33 ± 9.2458.83 ± 6.9656.44 ± 7.260.2580.0000.049
Male sex, n (%)310 (46.4%)60 (42.3%)54 (40.0%)202 (38.9%)0.2830.3070.199
BMI (kg/m2)21.23 ± 1.3321.74 ± 1.0126.69 ± 2.2727.98 ± 2.840.0000.0000.000
Waist circumference (cm)73.49 ± 5.6676.27 ± 6.0388.22 ± 5.5390.8 ± 6.530.0000.9150.000
Waist-to-hip ratio0.83 ± 0.060.84 ± 0.050.85 ± 0.060.92 ± 0.10.1150.8390.000
Waist-to-height ratio0.46 ± 0.030.48 ± 0.030.51 ± 0.030.58 ± 0.040.0020.0000.000
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)130.75 ± 17.05137.81 ± 7.14137.52 ± 17.43142.85 ± 18.440.9840.6390.099
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)80.14 ± 9.6385.22 ± 9.9384.24 ± 9.6287.09 ± 10.310.0350.0450.344
Hypertension, n (%)136 (20.4%)52 (36.6%)41 (30.4%)270 (52.0%)0.0000.0370.750
MetS, n (%)85 (12.7%)45 (31.7%)42 (31.1%)387 (74.6%)0.0260.9870.000
Hb (g/L)127.12 ± 14.81129.98 ± 16.18125.28 ± 13.17130.01 ± 16.710.0460.0230.991
PLT (109/L)171.54 ± 46.53186.61 ± 50.94172.26 ± 52.14189.18 ± 57.180.0180.0450.742
ALT (U/L)19.71 ± 3.6928.21 ± 14.6923.09 ± 11.3831.57 ± 19.010.0160.5830.288
AST (U/L)23.44 ± 11.8824.95 ± 7.5823.38 ± 6.126.15 ± 9.340.3230.0990.342
AKP (U/L)65.24 ± 19.0572.14 ± 15.9962.26 ± 19.6576.35 ± 22.970.1240.0740.368
GGT (U/L)19.51 ± 3.8924.31 ± 14.2839.33 ± 43.7346.87 ± 31.40.1280.1410.002
LDH (U/L)162.23 ± 25.23175.86 ± 27.05172.09 ± 34.15173.05 ± 26.80.0190.6890.684
ALB (g/L)45.74 ± 2.6746.43 ± 2.6745.89 ± 6.0946.76 ± 3.890.3900.7070.727
GLU (mmol/L)5.56 ± 0.895.84 ± 0.925.67 ± 1.066.02 ± 1.370.8410.5170.209
TC (mmol/L)4.69 ± 0.794.88 ± 1.014.72 ± 0.924.93 ± 0.90.0860.5780.711
TG (mmol/L)1.19 ± 0.681.56 ± 1.281.37 ± 0.911.93 ± 1.240.0260.0460.325
LDL-c (mmol/L)2.72 ± 0.662.89 ± 0.862.83 ± 0.722.94 ± 0.750.0210.3220.992
HDL-c (mmol/L)1.54 ± 0.31.29 ± 0.31.46 ± 0.411.34 ± 0.260.0120.0370.483
BUN (mmol/L)5.19 ± 1.225.00± 1.065.41 ± 1.345.28 ± 1.220.0550.0150.072
SCr (μmol/L)62.84 ± 13.0662.56 ± 13.1861.13 ± 12.4862.8 ± 15.20.4380.4420.908
UA (mmol/L)271.83 ± 64.94305.66 ± 72.2284.49 ± 66.4311.17 ± 76.530.2170.9340.659
CAP (dB/m)197.06 ± 31.91269.53 ± 2.91207.21 ± 41.08292.4 ± 34.40.0000.0000.077
E (kPa)5.47 ± 1.984.75 ± 5.275.86 ± 3.436.33 ± 2.060.5130.7930.038
FLI score11.38 ± 9.5626.58 ± 13.1137.75 ± 21.4060.88 ± 23.350.0000.0360.017
Table 2 Factors associated with presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean participants with a normal waist circumference
Univariate analysis
Multivariate analysis1
OR (95%CI)P valueOR (95%CI)P value
WHtR4.275 (2.242-5.167)0.0033.934 (2.543-5.854)0.004
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)1.097 (1.036-1.163)0.005--
Hb (g/L)1.051 (1.019-1.084)0.0001.042 (1.003-1.082)0.033
PLT (109/L)1.019 (1.009-1.029)0.0001.020 (1.006-1.033)0.004
TG (mmol/L)2.243 (1.579-3.204)0.0001.946 (1.227-3.085)0.005
HDL-c (mmol/L)0.013 (0.001, 0.128)0.000--
LDL-c (mmol/L)1.512 (1.060, 2.156)0.022--
Table 3 Performance of fatty liver index and waist-height ratio for diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean participants with a normal waist circumference
AUROC (95%CI)Cutoff valueSensitivitySpecificityYouden’s index
WHtR0.761 (0.712-0.811)0.4740.8890.6250.514
FLI score0.770 (0.721-0.819)25.150.7780.7590.537
Table 4 Characteristics of the study population undergoing SNP genotyping
GenotypeLNN (n = 21)LN (n = 6)NNN (n = 37)NN (n = 15)ONN (n = 9)ON (n = 44)P value
LN-LNNNN-NNNON-ONN
SIRT1 rs2273773 TT/TC.CC10/111/522/156/92/729/150.2330.3630.022
APOC3 rs2070666 TT/TA.AA8/133/316/216/97/217/271.0000.3740.030
PNPLA3 rs738409 CC/CG.GG8/130/617/201/143/612/320.3700.0140.237
PNPLA3 rs738408 CC/CT.TT8/130/617/201/143/612/320.3700.0140.237
PNPLA3 rs4823173 GG/GA.AA8/130/616/211/143/612/320.2770.0100.237
PNPLA3 rs2072906 AA/AG.GG7/140/615/221/143/612/320.3320.0140.208
AGTR1 rs5186 AA/AC.CC17/45/133/413/29/039/50.9000.8010.024
AGTR1 rs440881 CC/CA.AA0/210/60/370/150/90/440.6390.3190.054