Epidemiologic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in southeast Hungary

Table 1 Sociodemographic factors associated with Helicobacter pylori prevalence

Socio-demographic factors	H. pylori positive		H. pylori negative		Total	P value	Odds ratio (univariate)	95%CI
	n	%	n	%
Sex						0.0521
Female	146	29.2	354	70.8	500		1.0
Male	175	34.9	326	65.1	501		1.3016	[0.9973, 1.6987]
Age						0.000
	44.5638	10.7693	37.3599	11.9457			0.9484	[0.9363, 0.9606]
18-25	25	14.9	143	85.1	168
25-35	32	16.9	157	83.1	189
35-45	97	34.4	185	65.6	282
45-55	106	43.6	137	56.4	243
55 +	61	51.3	58	48.7	119
Residence						0.0809
Urban	185	30.0	431	70.0	616		1.0
Rural	136	35.3	249	64.7	385		1.2725	[0.9706, 1.6683]
Childhood						0.0051
Urban	140	27.9	361	72.1	501		1.0
Rural	181	36.2	319	63.8	500		1.4631	[1.1201, 1.9110]
Min. one year in rural enviroment						0.0003
Negative	104	25.6	303	74.4	407		1.0
Positive	217	36.5	377	63.5	594		1.6770	[1.2695, 2.2153]

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 2 Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with Helicobacter pylori prevalence

Socio-economic + lifestyle factors	H. pylori positive		H. pylori negative		Total	P value	Odds ratio (univariate)	95%CI
	n	%	n	%
Smoking						0.1121
Non-smoker	169	29.5	403	70.5	572		1.0
Smoker	91	34.2	175	65.8	266		1.2400	[0.9090, 1.6915]
Former smoker	61	37.4	102	62.6	163		1.4261	[0.9904, 2.0534]
Alcohol consumption						0.1420
Never	95	36.0	169	64.0	264		1.0
Occasional	216	30.3	497	69.7	713		0.7731	[0.5740, 1.0413]
Regular	10	41.7	14	58.3	24		1.2707	[0.5434, 2.9715]
Coffee						0.0390
Never	82	26.7	225	73.3	307		1.0
1	94	36.3	165	63.7	259		1.5632	[1.0929, 2.2358]
More than 1	145	33.3	290	66.7	435		1.3720	[0.9943, 1.8931]
Household population						0.1649
Alone	51	39.2	79	60.8	130		1.0
Adults only	135	31.5	294	68.5	429		0.7113	[0.4736, 1.0683]
Adults and children	135	30.5	307	69.5	442		0.6812	[0.4538, 1.0224]
Work						0.0000
Industrial	186	38.4	299	61.6	485		1.0
Office	135	26.2	381	73.8	516		0.5696	[0.4355, 0.7450]
Agricultural work						0.0012
No	140	27.4	371	72.6	511		1.0
Yes	181	36.9	309	63.1	490		1.5523	[1.1882, 2.0279]
Domestic animals						0.0015
No	54	23.5	176	76.5	230		1.0
Yes	267	34.6	504	65.4	771		1.7266	[1.2301, 2.4236]

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Factors in patient history associated with Helicobacter pylori prevalence

Patient history	H. pylori positive		H. pylori negative		Total	P value	Odds ratio (univar-iate)	95%CI
	n	%	n	%
Familiy history of H. pylori						0.8829
Negative	161	32.5	335	67.5	496		1.0
Positive	18	31.0	40	69.0	58		0.9363	[0.5205, 1.6844]
NA	142	31.8	305	68.2	447
Family history of GI ulcer						0.3810
Negative	217	33.3	435	66.7	652		1.0
Positive	57	29.7	135	70.3	192		0.8464	[0.5965, 1.2009]
NA	47	29.9	110	70.1	157
Family history of GI cancer						0.0014
Negative	277	32.1	587	67.9	864		1.0
Positive	17	63.0	10	37.0	27		3.6025	[1.6284, 7.9701]
NA	27	33.8	53	66.3	80
Abdominal pain						0.8108
Negative	264	32.2	555	67.8	819		1.0
Positive	57	31.3	125	68.7	182		0.9586	[0.6784, 1.3547]
Epigastrial pain						0.1105
Negative	214	30.5	487	69.5	701		1.0
Positive	107	35.7	193	64.3	300		1.2617	[0.9481, 1.6789]

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval; NA: Not applicable; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Table 4 Independent risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori prevalence

	Age 18-35	Age 35-50	Age 50-65
Male sex	Not significant	Not significant	P = 0.0389; OR = 0.5847; CI: [0.0753 1.0940]
Rural residence in childhood	Not significant	Not significant	P = 0.0246; OR = 1.8537; CI: [1.3154 2.3920]
Animal rearing	Not significant	P = 0.0036; OR = 2.0855; CI: [1.5897 2.5812]	Not significant
Epigastrial pain complaint	P = 0.0026; OR = 2.5514; CI: [1.9422 3.1606]	Not significant	Not significant

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 The prevalence between 1990 and 2000 throughout the country

Date	1993	1999	2000	1998-2000
Region	Tolna	Vas	Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg	Pest
Authors	Tamássy et al[15]	Lakner et al[6]	Iszlai et al[16]	Prónai et al[19]
Method	Serology	Serology	Serology	13C-UBT
Population	Blood donors	Blood donors	Healthy volunteers	Symptomatic patients
n =	400	533	756	1027
Prevalence of H. pylori (%)	63.3	62.3	58.6	47.3

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.