Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Available clinical evidence, challenges and novel approaches

Table 1 Selected trials on immunotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite-instability metastatic colorectal cancer

Setting	Clinical trial	Drugs and regimen	n	ORR	PFS rate at 12 mo	Median PFS, mo	OS rate at 12 mo
Neoadjuvant	[18]	Nivolumab (3) + Ipilimumab (1)	7	pCR 57% (4/7)	NR	NR	NR
First line	CM-142[17]	Nivolumab (3) + Ipilimumab (1/6 wk)	45	60%	77%	NR	83%
≥ Second line	CM-142[14]	Nivolumab	74	31%	50%	14.3	73%
	KN-164[16]	Pembrolizumab	61	28%	34%	2.3	72%
	CM-142[15]	Nivolumab (3) + Ipilimumab (1/3 wk)	119	55%	71%	NR	85%

ORR: Overall response rate; pCR: Pathological complete response rate; PFS: Progression free survival; OS: Overall survival; NR: Not reported.