Ten years of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: Are there any predictive and/or prognostic markers?

Table 1 Predictive and/or prognostic value of clinical markers in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Clinical markers	Predictive value	Prognostic value	Ref.
Alpha-fetoprotein	No	Yes	[6]
Adverse events
Hand-foot skin reaction	No	Yes	[13]
Hypertension	No	Uncertain	[16,19,20]
Diarrhea	No	Yes	[21]
Child-Pugh A vs B	No	Yes	[27-29]
Macroscopic vascular invasion	No	Yes	[6]
BCLC B vs C	No	Yes	[6,29,32]
Starting dose and dose reduction	No	Yes	[29,32]
Etiology HCV vs HBV	Yes	Yes	[6]
Chronic treatment with metformin	No	Yes	[35,36]
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	Yes	Yes	[6,41,44]
Extra hepatic spread	Yes	Yes	[6]

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 2 Predictive and/or prognostic value of biological markers in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Biological markers	Predictive value	Prognostic value	Ref.
Serum and plasma proteins
VEGF-A	No	Uncertain	[4,57]
Ang-2	No	Yes	[4]
IGF-1	No	No	[55]
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
VEGF-A rs2010963	No	Yes	[65]
VEGF-C rs4604006	No	Yes	[65]
eNOS (eNOS-786/eNOS VNTR)	No	Yes	[66]
Ang-2 rs55633437	No	Yes	[67]
HIF-1 alpha rs12434438	No	Yes	[68]
Amplifications
VEGF	No	Uncertain	[70]
FGF3/FGF4	No	Uncertain	[71]
miRNAs
miR-425-3p	No	Yes	[74]
miR-224	No	Yes	[75]
miR-181a-5p	No	Yes	[77]
miR-339-5p	No	Yes	[77]
miR-423-5p	No	Yes	[78]
miR-10b-3p	No	Yes	[79]
miR-221	No	Uncertain	[76]
Tissue biomarker expression
Phospho-ERK	Uncertain	Uncertain	[81,82]
PDGFR-b	No	Yes	[84]
c-Met	No	No	[84]
VEGFR	No	No	[84]
p-c-Jun	No	Yes	[85]

Ang-2: Angiopoietin-2; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; miRNAs: MicroRNAs; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptors; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; ERK: Extracellular signal–regulated kinase.