Identification of a five-long non-coding RNA signature to improve the prognosis prediction for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinicopathological parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in each cohort

Variables		Training group (n = 184)	Test group (n = 186)	Entire group (n = 370)
Age, yr	< 60	84	85	169
	≥ 60	100	101	201
Sex	Male	129	120	24
	Female	55	66	121
Weight, kilograms	< 70	92	85	177
	≥ 70	78	89	167
	NA	14	12	26
Child-Pugh grade	A	109	107	216
	B	9	12	21
	C	0	1	1
	NA	66	66	132
Fibrosis ishak score	0	32	42	74
	1-5	38	31	69
	6	36	33	69
	NA	78	80	158
Vascular tumor invasion	None	100	106	206
	Micro	45	46	91
	Macro	8	9	17
	NA	31	25	56
Serum FAP level, ng/mL	< 100	102	90	192
	≥ 100	37	48	85
	NA	45	48	93
Tumor grade	1	37	18	55
	2	82	95	177
	3 + 4	61	72	133
	NA	4	1	5
Pathologic stage	I	92	79	171
	II	43	42	85
	III + IV	37	53	90
	NA	12	12	24

Table 2 The 5 long non-coding RNAs significantly associated with overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Gene ID	Gene symbol	Coefficient	Hazard ratio	P value
ENSG00000264016	AC015908.3	-0.1900	0.7792	0.000305
ENSG00000237424	FOXD2-AS1	0.1764	1.2865	0.007317
ENSG00000269974	AC091057.3	0.3588	1.4682	0.000375
ENSG00000271270	TMCC1-AS1	0.5615	1.5417	0.000287
ENSG00000232093	DCST1-AS1	0.4877	1.3909	0.001632

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI of HR	P value	HR	95%CI of HR	P value
Training set (n = 184)
Risk score	2.718	2.093-3.530	< 0.0001	2.830	2.091-3.831	< 0.0001
Age	1.018	0.998-1.038	0.073
Sex (Male/Female)	1.022	0.619-1.690	0.931
Weight	1.006	0.993-1.108	0.397
Child-Pugh grade	0.845	0.253-2.827	0.195
Fibrosis ishak score	0.685	0.756-1.283	0.910
Vascular invasion (yes/no)	0.834	0.480-1.449	0.519
FAP	0.805	0.932-1.056	0.805
Tumor grade
(G1 + G2/G3 + G4)	1.133	0.680-1.887	0.632
Pathologic stage				1.900	1.098-3.288	0.022
I/II	0.604	0.303-1.203	0.152
I/III + IV	0.298	0.163-0.543	< 0.0001
Test set (n = 186)
Risk score	1.603	1.270-2.024	< 0.0001	1.568	1.196-2.055	0.001
Age	1.006	0.987-1.026	0.522
Sex (Male/Female)	1.420	0.856-2.356	0.174
Weight	1.000	0.984-1.105	0.960
Child-Pugh grade	0.475	0.195-1.157	0.101
Fibrosis ishak score	1.640	0.706-3.813	0.250
Vascular invasion (yes/no)	1.069	0.613-1.866	0.614
FAP	1.035	0.981-1.093	0.210
Tumor grade
(G1 + G2/G3 + G4)	1.092	0.655-1.818	0.736
Pathologic stage				2.103	1.193-3.707	0.010
I/II	0.865	0.426-1.757	0.688
I/III + IV	0.445	0.250-0.793	0.006
Entire set (n = 370)
Risk score	1.957	1.646-2.327	< 0.0001	2.011	1.638-2.469	< 0.0001
Age	1.013	0.999-1.027	0.068	1.016	1.000-1.032	0.048
Sex (Male/Female)	1.166	0.817-1.664	0.396
Weight	0.998	0.988-1.007	0.615
Child-Pugh grade (A/B + C)	0.620	0.306-1.256	0.184
Fibrosis ishak score	1.232	0.742-2.045	0.365
Vascular invasion	0.962	0.650-1.424	0.846
(yes/no)
Serum AFP level	1.023	0.980-1.068	0.306
Tumor grade
(G1 + G2/G3 + G4)	1.119	0.780-1.604	0.542
Pathologic stage				2.017	1.359-2.993	0.027
I/II	0.648	0.398-1.056	0.082
I/III + IV	0.351	0.236-0.524	< 0.0001