Changes with aging in gastric biomarkers levels and in biochemical factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic Chinese population

doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5945

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Aug 28, 2017; 23(32): 5945-5953
Published online Aug 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5945

Table 1 Comparison of serum gastric biomarker levels in various age groups

	35-44 yr, n = 58	45-54 yr, n = 84	55-64 yr, n = 117	65-74 yr, n = 76	≥ 75 yr, n = 60	F	P value
PGI, μg/L	92.98 ± 5.16	98.47 ± 4.15	98.65 ± 3.66	108.56 ± 8.01	117.04 ± 8.30	2.326	0.056
PGII, μg/L	9.65 ± 0.73	12.26 ± 0.91	12.43 ± 0.76	14.23 ± 1.17¹^a	15.33 ± 1.25¹^b	3.915	0.004
PGI/PGII	10.94 ± 0.44	9.89 ± 0.40	9.67 ± 0.36	9.29 ± 0.61	8.71 ± 0.52¹^a	2.407	0.049
G-17, pmol/L	2.93 ± 0.55	5.10 ± 1.29	5.75 ± 1.49	9.93 ± 3.00	10.03 ± 3.18	1.950	0.101

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

¹Comparison with the 35-44-years-old group,

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01. G-17: Gastrin-17; PGI: Pepsinogen I; PGII: Pepsinogen II.

Table 2 Comparison of serum biochemical tests between Helicobacter pylori infection statuses by sex

	Male			Female
	Hp-IgG (+), n = 81	Hp -IgG (-), n = 87	P value	Hp-IgG (+), n = 104	Hp-IgG (-), n = 123	P value
TG, mmol/L	1.33 ± 0.11	1.30 ± 0.17	0.875	1.24 ± 0.06	1.26 ± 0.06	0.767
TC, mmol/L	5.07 ± 0.11	4.80 ± 0.09	0.052	5.16 ± 0.09	5.42 ± 0.09	0.050
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.31 ± 0.04	1.35 ± 0.03	0.381	1.52 ± 0.03	1.54 ± 0.03	0.575
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.30 ± 0.10	2.99 ± 0.07	0.009	3.26 ± 0.09	3.48 ± 0.08	0.071
FBG, mmol/L	5.45 ± 0.09	5.26 ± 0.06	0.073	5.29 ± 0.06	5.27 ± 0.09	0.857
Cr, μmol/L	72.58 ± 1.76	73.26 ± 1.40	0.760	60.66 ± 2.59	55.34 ± 0.89	0.054
Cys-C, mg/L	0.93 ± 0.02	0.91 ± 0.02	0.520	0.88 ± 0.03	0.81 ± 0.02	0.059
UA, μmol/L	339.05 ± 8.19	337.48 ± 9.04	0.898	265.13 ± 6.19	273.22 ± 5.30	0.319

Data are presented as mean ± SD. H. pylori-IgG (+) is defined as H. pylori-IgG ≥ 35 EIU. Cr: Creatinine; Cys-C: Cystatin-C; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hp-IgG: Helicobacter pylori-immunoglobulin G; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; UA: Uric acid; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Comparison of serum gastric biomarker levels and biochemical tests in various age groups by Helicobacter pylori infection status

	35-44 yr	45-54 yr	55-64 yr	65-74 yr	≥ 75 yr	F	P value
	n1 = 21	n1 = 39	n1 = 57	n1 = 36	n1 = 33
	n2 = 37	n2 = 45	n2 = 60	n2 = 40	n2 = 27
PGI, μg/L
Hp-IgG (+)	89.43 ± 7.46	100.03 ± 6.45	90.25 ± 5.10	92.61 ± 12.23	94.95 ± 13.47	0.824	0.920
Hp-IgG (-)	83.6 ± 6.47	81.28 ± 3.89	83.96 ± 5.04	96.67 ± 10.31	105.49 ± 8.08	1.730	0.143
PGII, μg/L
Hp-IgG (+)	14.68 ± 1.08	18.45 ± 1.34	17.47 ± 1.16	19.52 ± 1.46	19.51 ± 1.91	1.393	0.260
Hp-IgG (-)	6.80 ± 0.58	6.89 ± 0.41	7.64 ± 0.46	9.46 ± 1.42	10.23 ± 0.76¹^b²^b	1.115	0.011
PGI/PGII
Hp-IgG (+)	7.92 ± 0.53	7.17 ± 0.39	7.03 ± 0.38	6.65 ± 0.58	6.97 ± 0.52	0.662	0.616
Hp-IgG (-)	12.66 ± 0.41	12.25 ± 0.42	12.18 ± 0.39	11.68 ± 0.89	10.85 ± 0.80	1.163	0.353
G-17, pmol/L
Hp-IgG (+)	4.11 ± 0.74	9.81 ± 2.58	8.18 ± 2.17	7.16 ± 0.95	13.7 ± 4.79	1.258	0.285
Hp-IgG (-)	2.26 ± 0.73	1.02 ± 0.26	3.44 ± 2.03	12.43 ± 5.65	5.54 ± 3.90	2.254	0.066
TC, mmol/L
Hp-IgG (+)	4.42 ± 0.14	4.96 ± 0.14	5.30 ± 0.11¹^b	5.51 ± 0.19¹^b	5.00 ± 0.15	6.604	< 0.001
Hp-IgG (-)	4.77 ± 0.10	5.41 ± 0.17¹^a	5.35 ± 0.13¹^a	5.18 ± 0.16	4.98 ± 0.14	2.709	0.031
LDL-C, mmol/L
Hp-IgG (+)	2.71 ± 0.14	3.10 ± 0.12	3.40 ± 0.11¹^a	3.60 ± 0.17¹^b²^a	3.17 ± 0.14	7.291	< 0.001
Hp-IgG (-)	2.89 ± 0.09	3.47 ± 0.15¹^a	3.48 ± 0.11¹^b	3.33 ± 0.13	3.08 ± 0.13	3.544	0.008
FBG, mmol/L
Hp-IgG (+)	5.25 ± 0.08	5.22 ± 0.13	5.38 ± 0.12	5.46 ± 0.12	5.44 ± 0.08	0.791	0.532
Hp-IgG (-)	5.01 ± 0.06	5.21 ± 0.08	5.29 ± 0.08	5.34 ± 0.08	5.39 ± 0.34	1.186	0.318
Cr, μmol/L
Hp-IgG (+)	56.95 ± 2.57	60.38 ± 2.35	63.79 ± 1.71	63.61 ± 3.04	81.4 ± 7.24¹^a	4.974	0.001
Hp-IgG (-)	59.19 ± 2.05	62.78 ± 1.95	61.20 ± 1.67	63.53 ± 2.29	73.19 ± 3.40¹^b²^a³^b	4.174	0.003
Cys-C, mg/dL
Hp-IgG (+)	0.69 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.02¹^a	0.84 ± 0.02¹^b	0.97 ± 0.03¹^b²^b³^a	1.19 ± 0.07¹^b²^b³^b	19.952	< 0.001
Hp-IgG (-)	0.71 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.02	0.83 ± 0.02¹^b	0.93 ± 0.03¹^b²^b	1.14 ± 0.04¹^b²^b³^b⁴^b	28.435	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Hp-IgG (+) is defined as Hp-IgG ≥ 35 EIU. n1: number in the Hp-IgG (+) group; n2: number in the Hp-IgG(-) group.

¹35-44-years-old group,

²45-54-years-old group,

³55-64-years-old group,

⁴65-74-years-old group,

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01. Cr: Creatinine; Cys-C: Cystatin-C; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; G-17: Gastrin-17; Hp-IgG: Helicobacter pylori-immunoglobulin G; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PGI: Pepsinogen I; PGII: Pepsinogen II; TC: Total cholesterol.

Table 4 Correlation matrix among serum gastric biomarker levels, age and biochemical tests

	Age	PGI	PGII	PGI/II	G-17	Hp-IgG	TG	TC	HDL-C	LDL-C	FBG	UA	Cr	Cys-C	BMI
Age	1	0.161^b	0.215^b	-0.155^b	0.140^b	0.104^a	-0.009	0.108^a	0.010	0.136^b	0.145^b	0.148^b	0.265^b	0.548^b	-0.016
Age		0.001	0.000	0.002	0.005	0.038	0.854	0.033	0.844	0.007	0.004	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.781
PGI		1.000	0.682^b	0.047	-0.140^b	0.260^b	-0.014	-0.066	-0.051	-0.023	0.056	0.188^b	0.301^b	0.355^b	0.011
PGI			0.000	0.357	0.005	0.000	0.788	0.188	0.308	0.654	0.266	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.843
PGII			1.000	-0.588^b	0.149^b	0.592^b	-0.029	-0.062	-0.075	-0.019	-0.005	0.077	0.209^b	0.278^b	0.006
PGII				0.000	0.003	0.000	0.571	0.216	0.135	0.705	0.915	0.124	0.000	0.000	0.913
PGI/II				1.000	-0.384^b	-0.587^b	0.035	0.032	0.040	0.027	0.074	0.080	-0.019	-0.060	0.003
PGI/II					0.000	0.000	0.488	0.532	0.427	0.590	0.140	0.112	0.712	0.234	0.961
G-17					1.000	0.105^a	0.055	-0.020	-0.068	-0.016	0.119^a	-0.062	0.129^a	0.105^a	-0.023
G-17						0.038	0.279	0.695	0.177	0.749	0.018	0.219	0.011	0.037	0.690
Hp- IgG						1.000	0.000	-0.025	-0.062	-0.004	0.057	0.009	0.058	0.095	0.006
Hp- IgG							0.985	0.618	0.220	0.938	0.257	0.865	0.250	0.059	0.919
TG							1.000	0.278^b	-0.327^b	0.145^b	0.166^b	0.156^b	0.059	0.068	0.048
TG								0.000	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.002	0.243	0.176	0.402
TC								1.000	0.295^b	0.896^b	0.123^a	0.023	-0.032	-0.039	0.111
TC									0.000	0.000	0.015	0.647	0.530	0.442	0.053
HDL-C									1.000	0.032	-0.093	-0.282^b	-0.176^b	-0.164^b	0.017
HDL-C										0.528	0.064	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.762
LDL-C										1.000	0.149^b	0.074	0.000	0.022	0.085
LDL-C											0.003	0.142	10.000	0.664	0.138
FBG											1.000	0.119^a	0.111^a	0.086	0.034
FBG												0.018	0.027	0.086	0.558
UA												1.000	0.465^b	0.403^b	-0.003
UA													0.000	0.000	0.961
Cr													1.000	0.706^b	-0.010
Cr														0.000	0.858
Cys-C														1.000	-0.026
Cys-C															0.648
BMI															1.000

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01. BMI: Body mass index; Cr: Creatinine; Cys-C: Cystatin-C; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; G-17: Gastrin-17; Hp-IgG: Helicobacter pylori-immunoglobulin G; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PGI: Pepsinogen I; PGII: Pepsinogen II; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; UA: Uric acid.

Table 5 Factors associated with serum levels of gastric biomarkers

Dependent variable	Associated factors	Non-standard coefficient		Standard coefficient	P value
Dependent variable	Associated factors	B	SE	β	P value
PGI	Constant	50.347	200.845		0.798
	Cr	0.712	0.138	0.273	0.000
	Hp-IgG	0.334	0.066	0.263	0.000
	G-17	-0.647	0.138	-0.247	0.000
	FBG	70.859	30.744	0.110	0.037
PGII	Constant	-10.657	20.078		0.426
	Hp-IgG	0.120	0.010	0.556	0.000
	Cr	0.058	0.021	0.131	0.006
	Age	0.089	0.033	0.129	0.007
PGI /PGII	Constant	90.251	10.461		0.000
	Hp-IgG	-0.054	0.004	-0.520	0.000
	G-17	-0.075	0.009	-0.349	0.000
	FBG	10.037	0.255	0.177	0.000
	Age	-0.033	0.015	-0.101	0.024
G-17	Constant	-140.817	80.992		0.100
	Age	0.192	0.089	0.1240	0.032
	PGI	-0.103	0.022	-0.269	0.000
	Cr	0.228	0.063	0.228	0.000
	Hp-IgG	0.058	0.027	0.119	0.037
	UA	-0.042	0.016	-0.160	0.009
	FBG	30.054	10.520	0.112	0.045

Cr: Creatinine; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; G-17: Gastrin-17; Hp-IgG: Helicobacter pylori-immunoglobulin G; PGI: Pepsinogen I; PGII: Pepsinogen II; UA: Uric acid.

Citation: Shan JH, Bai XJ, Han LL, Yuan Y, Sun XF. Changes with aging in gastric biomarkers levels and in biochemical factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic Chinese population. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(32): 5945-5953
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i32/5945.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5945