Sonographic appearance of anal cushions of hemorrhoids

Table 1 General characteristics of the three groups

	Total No.	Gender, male/female	Age (yr)	Duration of symptoms (mo)
Group A (stages III and IV)	38	26/12	42 ± 2.4	7.8 ± 2.4
Group B (stages I and II)	24	14/10	44 ± 2.5	6.6 ± 3.8
Group C (healthy controls)	42	24/18	41 ± 2.2	-
χ2/t-value	1	0.28751	1
	2	0.65502	2
	3	0.02713	3
P value	1	0.59191	1
	2	0.41832	2
	3	0.86923	3

¹Comparison between group A and group B;

²Comparison between group A and group C; ³Comparison between group B and group C.

Table 2 The mosaic pattern according to different methods for the three groups

	TRUS	TPUS	TVUS in female	Pathology	P value
Group A (stages III and IV)	22/38	12/38	4/12		0.03794
				20/38	0.24885
					0.80936
Group B (stages I and II)	4/24	2/24	2/10	-	0.66254
					0.79835
					0.70556
Group C (healthy controls)	0/42	0/42	0/18	-	-
χ2/t-value	8.64491	3.31421	0.04771	-	-
	30.69812	13.22522	4.33892
	4.81173	1.33053	1.44793
P value	0.00331	0.06871	0.82701	-	-
	0.00002	0.00032	0.03732
	0.02833	0.24873	0.22893

¹Comparison between group A and group B;

²Ccomparison between group A and group C;

³Comparison between group B and group C;

⁴Comparison between TRUS and TPUS;

⁵Comparison between TRUS and TVUS;

⁶Comparison between TPUS and TVUS. TRUS: Transrectal ultrasound; TPUS: Transperianal ultrasound; TVUS: Transvaginal ultrasound.

Table 3 Cohen’s kappa co-efficiency between mosaic pattern in transrectal ultrasound and arteriovenous fistula in pathology in stages III and IV hemorrhoids

Pathology	Mosaic pattern in transrectal US		Total
	Positive	Negative
Positive	20	0	20
Negative	2	16	18
Total	22	16	38

The compatibility (Cohen’s kappa co-efficiency value) between the transperianal US and pathology was calculated as 0.8939. The distribution of the Cohen kappa (κ) co-efficiency values: very high (κ > 0.8), high (κ = 0.61-0.8), moderate (κ = 0.41-0.6), low (κ = 0.21-0.4), very low (κ ≤ 0.2).

Table 4 Vessel diameter and blood flow velocity detected by transrectal ultrasound

	n	Vessel diameter (mm)	Blood flow velocity (cm/s)
Group A (stages III and IV)	22	2.6 ± 0.4	56.4 ± 4.3
Group B (stages I and II)	20	0.6 ± 0.4	20.8 ± 3.4
χ2/t-value		16.1835	29.5566
P value		0	0