Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2016; 22(38): 8509-8518
Published online Oct 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8509
Table 1 Initial characteristics of 167 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the TM6SF variants
TM6SF2 p. 167 E/KTM6SF2 p. 167 E/EP value
Patients, n17150
Age (yr)42.6 (40.4-47.8)40.3 (37.4-44.0)0.04
Males12 (70.6)109 (72.7)0.8
IVDU8 (61.5)95 (74.8)0.2
BMI (kg/m2)24.0 (22.0-25.0)23.0 (21.3-25.0)0.3
Glucose (mg/dL)81.0 (75.0-87.0)88.0 (81.0-98.0)0.002
Bilirubin (mg/dL)0.9 (0.7-1.2)0.7 (0.5-1.0)0.06
AST (IU/L)108.0 (52.0-134.0)59.0 (40.0-94.0)0.02
ALT (IU/L)141.0 (122.0-172)81.5 (46.0-131.0)0.02
Cholesterol (mg/dL)144.0 (123.0-194.0)164.0 (135.5-191.0)0.4
Triglycerides (mg/dL)136.0 (118.0-154.0)125.5 (83.5-182.3)0.6
GGT (IU/mL)65.0 (46.0-95.0)79.0 (39.0-165.0)0.6
ALP (IU/mL)192.0 (156.3-238.3)186.5 (139.3-252.0)0.9
HCV RNA (IU/mL), median598679.0601550.00.7
(IQR)(140698.5-997750.0)(202000.0-1432735.0)
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3214.0 (153.0-380.0)266.0 (176.3-413.3)0.5
HIV RNA (cps/mL)7638.0 (4112.5-19215.5)10870.0 (3100.5-35374.4)0.7
HIV RNA < 50 cps/mL6 (35.3)66 (44.0)
CD4+ cell/mmc435.0 (380.0-650.0)508.0 (399.3-670.0)0.2
ART, treated14 (82.3)118 (78.7)0.6
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI06 (5.3)
PI/r-NRTI6 (46.1)40 (35.1)
NRTI-NNRTI2 (15.4)30 (26.3)
PI-NRTI07 (6.1)
NRTI5 (38.5)31 (27.2)
Therapy missing, n14
Therapy-naïve3 (17.6)32 (21.3)
Duration of ART (yr)7.7 (6.4-12.8)8.0 (5.7-10.8)0.3
Duration of HIV infection (yr)17.4 (12.5-21.4)14.0 (7.7-17.9)0.05
HCV Genotype
15 (29.4)57 (39.6)0.3
21 (5.9)7 (4.9)
36 (35.3)62 (43.1)
45 (29.4)18 (12.5)
Missing06
HAI score6.8 ± 2.95.8 ± 3.00.2
HAI: score 0-813 (76.5)117 (78.0)0.2
score 9-184 (23.5)33 (22.0)
Fibrosis score3.1 ± 2.02.3 ± 1.50.05
Degree of fibrosis
02 (11.8)11 (7.3)0.1
12 (11.8)48 (32.0)
22 (11.8)33 (22.0)
36 (35.3)32 (21.3)
4011 (7.3)
52 (11.8)6 (4.0)
63 (17.6)9 (6.0)
Steatosis score, mean ± SD1.9 ± 1.21.7 ± 1.30.4
Degree of steatosis0.8
03 (17.6)45 (30.0)
13 (17.6)19 (12.7)
24 (23.5)37 (24.7)
36 (35.3)40 (26.7)
41 (5.8)9 (6.0)
PNPLA3
p. 148 I/I9 (52.9)79 (52.7)0.7
p. 148 I/M6 (35.3)61 (40.7)
p. 148 M/M2 (11.8)10 (6.7)
Table 2 Initial characteristics of 167 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the fibrosis score
Fibrosis score 0-3Fibrosis score 4-6P value
Patients, n13631
Age (yr)40.3 (37-44)42.0 (39.5-46.7)< 0.05
Males96 (70.6)25 (80.6)0.1
BMI (kg/m2)23 (21.2-24.9)22.8 (21.7-26.5)0.5
Glucose (mg/dL)87.0 (80.0-95.0)91.0 (81-102)0.6
Bilirubin (mg/dL)0.68 (0.4-1.0)0.97 (0.7-1.5)< 0.01
AST (IU/L)55.0 (39-91)96.0 (63.0-143.0)0.0008
ALT (IU/L)79.0 (44-131)120.0 (67-180)< 0.01
Cholesterol (mg/dL)162 (137-194.0)158 (116.8-177)0.3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)122.0 (84.0-164)147.5 (55-227)0.1
GGT (IU/mL)70.0 (36.0-150)108 (60.0-227.0)0.2
ALP (IU/mL)178.0 (136.0-239)221 (182-269)< 0.01
HCV RNA (IU/mL)5.2e5 (1.8e5-1.4e6)7e5 (2.3e5-1.7e6)0.4
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3271 (175.5-429.5)238.0 (145.0-347.5)0.1
HIV RNA (copies/mL)10914.54500.00.1
(4402.3-31052.0)(784.0-36959.0)
CD4+ cells/mm3510.0 (403-708)454.0 (338-586)< 0.01
ART, Treated105 (77.2)27 (87.1)0.4
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI6 (5.9)0
PI/r-NRTI35 (33.6)11 (42.3)
PI-NRTI6 (5.9)1 (3.8)
NRTI-NNRTI25 (24.8)7 (26.9)
NRTI29 (28.7)7 (26.9)
Therapy missing, n41
Therapy-naïve31 (22.8)4 (12.9)
Duration of ART (yr)7.8 (5.4-10.9)9.6 (6.3-12)0.2
Duration of HIV infection (yr)14.4 (7.5-18.1)13.9 (8.4-17.4)0.6
HCV Genotype
151 (38.9)11 (3.7)0.4
27 (5.3)1 (0.4)
354 (41.2)14 (46.7)
419 (14.5)4 (13.4)
Missing, n51
HAI score5.0 ± 2.78.6 ± 2.3< 0.0001
HAI
score 0-8115 (84.6)15 (48.4)< 0.0001
score 9-1821 (15.4)16 (51.6)
Steatosis score1.4 ± 1.21.9 ± 1.3< 0.02
Degree of steatosis
044 (32.4)4 (12.9)0.0001
118 (13.2)4 (12.9)
234 (25.0)7 (22.6)
332 (23.55)14 (45.2)
48 (5.9)2 (6.5)
TM6SF
p. 167 E/K12 (8.8)5 (16.1)< 0.03
p. 167 E/E124 (91.2)26 (83.9)
PNPLA3,
p. 148 I/I75 (55.1)13 (41.9)0.2
p. 148 I/M49 (36.1)18 (58.6)
p. 148 M/M12 (8.8)0
Table 3 Initial characteristics of 167 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the steatosis score
Steatosis score 0-2Steatosis score 3-4P value
Patients, n11156
Age (yr)40.3 (37.4-44.2)41.8 (38.4-44.0)0.3
Males79 (71.2)42 (75)0.6
BMI (kg/m2)22.8 (21.3-24.5)23.9 (21.9-25.6)0.03
Glucose (mg/dL)85.5 (79.3-94.0)92.5 (82.0-102.0)0.004
Bilirubin (mg/dL)0.6 (0.4-1.0)0.8 (0.6-1.1)0.01
AST (IU/L)54.0 (38.3-79.0)92.0 (55.8-142.3)0.0004
ALT (IU/L)67.0 (43.0-114.5)129.0 (78.8-201.5)0.00006
Cholesterol (mg/dL)168.0 (141.0-196.5)147.0 (120.0-174.0)0.01
Triglycerides (mg/dL)130.5 (84.0-188.5)123.0 (87.0-156.0)0.5
GGT (IU/mL)70.0 (34.5-142.5)97.0 (46.5-229.5)0.04
ALP (IU/mL)185.0 (138-240.3)196.0 (147.5-265.0)0.5
HCV RNA (IU/mL)5.2e5 (1.5e5-1.4e6)7.4e5 (2.4e5-1.4e6)0.7
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3272.0 (166.5-425.8)257.5 (172.8-360.5)0.2
HIV RNA copies/mL7484.0 (2925.3-18994.0)18918.0 (3991.0-37219.0)0.1
HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL61 (54.9)25 (44.6)
CD4+ cell/ mm3527.0 (425.3-720.5)463.0 (373.0-542.8)0.002
ART, Treated88 (79.3)44 (78.6)0.91
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI5 (5.9)1 (2.4)
PI/r-NRTI33 (38.8)13 (30.2)
PI-NRTI3 (3.5)4 (9.5)
NRTI-NNRTI21 (24.7)11 (26.2)
NRTI23 (27.1)13 (30.9)
Therapy missing, n32
Therapy-naïve23 (41.1)12 (21.4)
Duration of HAART (yr)8.2 (6.2-11.5)7.6 (4.5-10.8)0.3
Duration of HIV infection (yr)14.1 (7.8-17.8)14.2 (8.1-18.1)0.8
HCV-genotype
144 (41.1)18 (33.3)0.04
25 (4.7)3 (5.6)
338 (35.5)30 (55.6)
420 (18.7)3 (5.6)
Missing, n42
HAI score5.4 ± 2.96.9 ± 3.00.002
Degree of HAI
score 0-898 (88.3)38 (67.8)0.01
score 9-1819 (17.1)18 (32.1)
Fibrosis score2.1 ± 1.62.9 ± 1.60.003
Degree of fibrosis
012 (10.8)1 (1.8)0.001
140 (36.0)10 (17.9)
221 (18.9)14 (25)
323 (20.7)15 (26.3)
45 (4.5)6 (10.7)
53 (2.7)5 (8.9)
67 (6.3)5 (8.9)
TM6SF
p. 167 E/K10 (0.9)7 (12.5)0.48
p. 167 E/E101 (90.9)49 (87.5)
PNPLA3
p. 148 I/I66 (59.4)22 (39.3)0.06
p. 148 I/M38 (38.3)29 (51.8)
p. 148 M/M7 (6.3)5 (8.9)
Table 4 Initial characteristics of 161 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the hepatitis C virus genotype
HCV genotype 3non- 3 HCV genotypeP value
Patients, n6893
Age (yr)40.6 (36.7-44.0)40.8 (37.8-44.1)0.3
Males43 (63.2)69 (74.2)0.07
IVDU44 (64.7)57 (61.3)0.8
BMI (kg/m2)22.7 (21.2-25.2)23.1 (21.7-24.9)0.5
Glucose (mg/dL)87.0 (79.0-94.0)89.0 (82.0-98.0)0.1
Bilirubin (mg/dL)0.7 (0.6-1.0)0.7 (0.5-1.0)0.5
AST (IU/L)77.5 (53.3-124.0)55.0 (38.0-85.0)0.004
ALT (IU/L)120.5 (62.5-187.5)66.0 (40.0-117.0)0.0002
Cholesterol (mg/dL)143.5 (115.3-173.0)171.0 (147.5-197.0)0.0006
Triglycerides (mg/dL)99.0 (69.5-158.0)139.0 (103.5-216.8)0.003
GGT (IU/mL)61.0 (32.8-106.0)96.0 (49.5-226.5)0.004
ALP (IU/mL)196.0 (143.0-260.5)192.0 (150.0-246.0)0.9
HCV RNA (IU/mL)477624.0730500.0
(124539.0-1050000.0)(233250.0-1941008.0)0.07
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3247.7 (155.3-380.0)252.0 (175.0-404.0)0.6
HIV RNA copies/mL5607.512130.00.7
(1972.3-18918.0)(1806.8-37226.5)
HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL30 (44.0)42 (45.2)
CD4+ cell/mm3506.5 (397.8-638.0)494.0 (398.0-697.5)0.7
ART, Treated50 (73.5)79 (84.9)0.4
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI1 (2.0)5 (6.6)
PI/r-NRTI22 (44.9)24 (31.6)
PI-NRTI3 (6.1)4 (5.3)
NRTI-NNRTI13 (26.5)18 (23.7)
NRTI10 (20.4)25 (32.9)
Therapy missing, n13
Therapy-naïve18 (26.47)14 (15.0)
Duration of ART (yr)9.0 (4.3-12.6)7.7 (6.1-10.4)0.4
Duration of HIV infection (yr)14.0 (7.7-18.5)14.1 (8.1-17.1)0.8
HAI score6.5 ± 3.15.5 ± 2.90.03
HAI
score 0-848 (70.6)76 (81.7)0.09
score 9-1820 (14.7)17 (18.3)
Fibrosis score2.5 ± 1.62.2 ± 1.60.2
Degree of fibrosis
04 (5.9)9 (9.7)0.7
116 (23.5)32 (34.4)
216 (23.5)17 (18.3)
318 (26.5)19 (20.4)
44 (5.9)5 (5.3)
55 (7.3)4 (4.3)
64 (5.9)7 (7.5)
Steatosis score2.0 ± 1.31.4 ± 1.20.002
Degree of steatosis
014 (20.6)31 (33.3)0.03
17 (10.3)14 (15.0)
216 (23.5)20 (21.5)
323 (33.8)22 (23.7)
47 (10.1)2 (2.1)
TM6SF
p. 167 E/K6 (8.8)11 (11.8)0.5
p. 167 E/E62 (91.2)82 (88.2)
PNPLA3
p. 148 I/I38 (55.9)48 (51.6)0.5
p. 148 I/M24 (35.3)40 (43.0)
p. 148 M/M6 (8.8)5 (5.4)

  • Citation: Sagnelli C, Merli M, Uberti-Foppa C, Hasson H, Grandone A, Cirillo G, Salpietro S, Minichini C, Starace M, Messina E, Morelli P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Lazzarin A, Coppola N, Sagnelli E. TM6SF2 E167K variant predicts severe liver fibrosis for human immunodeficiency/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, and severe steatosis only for a non-3 hepatitis C virus genotype. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(38): 8509-8518
  • URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v22/i38/8509.htm
  • DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8509