Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection with double stapling technique anastomosis

Table 1 Selected studies to investigate the risk factors for Anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection

Ref.	Year	Sample	AL	Tumor	Covering	Risk factors
		size	rate	Location1	stoma
Ito et al[22]	2008	180	5.0%	R, RS	+	Anastomosis level, multiple stapler firings
Kim et al[23]	2009	270	6.3%	R, RS, S	+	Tumor location
Huh et al[24]	2010	223	8.5%	R	-	Tumor location, operation time
Choi et al[25]	2010	156	10.3%	R, RS	-	Anastomosis level, operation time
Akiyoshi et al[26]	2011	363	3.6%	R, RS	+	Tumor location, abdominal drain
Yamamoto et al[27]	2012	111	5.4%	R	+	BMI
Park et al[28]	2013	1187	6.3%	R, RS	-	Male, stage, transfusion, tumor location
						preoperative CRT, multiple stapler firings
Kawada et al[29]	2014	154	12.3%	R	-	Tumor size, precompression before
						stapler firings
Katsuno et al[30]	2015	209	15.3%	R	+	Male
Kim et al[31]	2016	1154	6.7%	R	+	Male, smoking, alcohol intake, previous
						abdominal surgery, operation time,
						tumor location, multiple stapler firings

¹R: Rectum; RS: Rectosigmoid colon; S: Sigmoid colon.