Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 7, 2016; 22(13): 3611-3620
Published online Apr 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3611
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 70428 subjects n (%)
Total< 50 yr≥ 50 yrP value
(n = 70428)(n = 59782)(n = 10646)
Age (year, mean ± SD)41.6 ± 8.338.9 ± 5.356.5 ± 5.8< 0.001
Sex< 0.001
Male48868 (69.4)42644 (71.3)6244 (58.5)
Female21560 (30.6)17138 (28.7)4422 (41.5)
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)23.8 ± 3.123.8 ± 3.224.1 ± 2.8< 0.001
Obesity123658 (33.6)19955 (33.4)3703 (34.8)0.005
Smoking< 0.001
Never38955 (55.3)33071 (55.3)5884 (55.3)
Former11480 (16.3)9610 (16.1)1870 (17.6)
Current19993 (28.4)17101 (28.6)2892 (27.2)
Alcohol intake< 0.001
No22090 (31.4)18517 (31.0)3573 (33.6)
Moderate46026 (65.4)39404 (65.9)6622 (62.2)
Heavy22312 (3.3)1861 (3.1)451 (4.2)
CRC family history2779 (3.9)2111 (3.5)668 (6.3)< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)113.3 ± 13.0113.0 ± 12.9115.0 ± 13.7< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)72.6 ± 9.672.3 ± 9.574.1 ± 9.8< 0.001
HTN-R323871 (33.9)19227 (32.2)4644 (43.6)< 0.001
DM-R416886 (24.0)11983 (20.0)3718 (34.9)< 0.001
Regular exercise538379 (54.5)33398 (55.9)4981 (46.8)0.000
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)93.6 ± 14.892.9 ± 13.797.7 ± 19.2< 0.001
Insulin (μIU/mL)5.3 ± 5.15.1 ± 3.36.2 ± 10.5< 0.001
HbA1c (%)5.7 ± 0.55.6 ± 0.55.8 ± 0.7< 0.001
Total-C (mg/dL)199.8 ± 34.7198.6 ± 34.3206.4 ± 36.2< 0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)116.0 ± 76.3115.3 ± 76.7119.5 ± 73.8< 0.001
Triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL15456 (21.9)12957 (21.7)2499 (23.5)< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)55.1 ± 13.855.2 ± 13.854.8 ± 13.80.003
HDL-C abnormality610901 (15.5)8727 (14.6)2174 (20.4)< 0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)124.9 ± 32.0124.1 ± 31.7129.0 ± 33.1< 0.001
CEA (ng/mL)1.62 ± 1.611.58 ± 1.611.83 ± 1.58< 0.001
ACRN7960 (1.4)564 (0.9)396 (3.7)< 0.001
CRC54 (0.1)25 (0.1)29 (0.3)< 0.001
1BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2;
2More than 4 times per week as heavy;
3Elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications;
4Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or use of diabetes medications;
5More than once per week;
6HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women;
7ACRN was defined as a polyp size of ≥ 10 mm in diameter, polyp with any component of villous histology, high-grade dysplasia, or invasive cancer. SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HTN-R: Hypertension-related factors; DM-R: Diabetes mellitus-related factors; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; Total-C: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; ACRN: Advanced colorectal neoplasm.
Table 2 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for the development of advanced colorectal neoplasm in subjects under 50
n (%)OR95%CIP value
Age564/59782 (0.9)1.081.07-1.10< 0.001
Sex
Female123/17138 (0.7)Reference
Male441/42644 (1.0)1.261.02-1.550.036
Smoking
Never/former358/42681 (0.8)Reference
Current206/17101 (1.2)1.371.15-1.63< 0.001
CRC family history
No533/57671 (0.9)Reference
Yes31/2111 (1.5)1.461.01-2.100.044
DM-R
No405/47799 (0.8)Reference
Yes159/11983 (1.3)1.271.06-1.540.012
Obesity
No327/39827 (0.8)Reference
Yes237/19955 (1.2)1.231.03-1.470.021
LDL-C564/59782 (0.9)1.011.01-1.020.006
CEA564/59782 (0.9)1.041.01-1.090.031
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-C abnormality (HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women), LDL-C, DM-R (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or use of diabetes medications), HTN-R (elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications), insulin, regular exercise, CRC family history and CEA. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CRC: Colorectal cancer; DM-R: Diabetes mellitus-related factors; HTN-R: Hypertension-related factors; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Table 3 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for the development of advanced colorectal neoplasm in subjects under 50 according to sex
n (%)OR95%CIP value
Female (n = 17138)
Age123/17138 (0.7)1.081.04-1.11< 0.001
CEA123/17138 (0.7)1.121.02-1.230.023
Male (n = 42644)
Age441/42644 (1.0)1.091.07-1.10< 0.001
Smoking
Never/former255/29005 (0.9)Reference
Current186/13639 (1.4)1.541.27-1.87< 0.001
CRC family history
No415/41174 (1.0)Reference
Yes26/1470 (1.8)1.581.06-2.360.026
DM-R
No300/32967 (0.9)Reference
Yes141/9677 (1.5)1.341.09-1.650.005
Obesity
No226/25027 (0.9)Reference
Yes215/17617 (1.2)1.241.02-1.500.028
LDL-C441/42644 (1.0)1.011.01-1.020.008
CEA441/42644 (1.0)1.031.01-1.050.014
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men or ≥ 85 cm for women), triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-C abnormality (HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women), LDL-C, DM-R (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or use of diabetes medications), HTN-R (elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications), insulin, regular exercise, CRC family history and CEA. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CRC: Colorectal cancer; DM-R: Diabetes mellitus-related factors; HTN-R: Hypertension-related factors; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Table 4 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for the development of advanced colorectal neoplasm in subjects over 50
n (%)OR95%CIP value
Age396/10646 (3.7)1.081.06-1.09< 0.001
Sex
Female102/4422 (2.3)Reference
Male294/6224 (4.7)2.121.68-2.68< 0.001
Smoking
Never/former261/7754 (3.4)Reference
Current135/2892 (4.7)1.381.12-1.710.003
Obesity
No229/6943 (3.3)Reference
Yes167/3703 (4.5)1.341.09-1.650.005
CEA396/10646 (3.7)1.051.01-1.090.022
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-C abnormality (HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women), LDL-C, DM-R (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or use of diabetes medications), HTN-R (elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications), insulin, regular exercise, CRC family history and CEA. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CRC: Colorectal cancer; DM-R: Diabetes mellitus-related factors; HTN-R: Hypertension-related factors; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Table 5 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for the development of advanced colorectal neoplasm in subjects over 50 according to sex
n (%)OR95%CIP value
Female (n = 4422)
Age102/4422 (2.3)1.041.01-1.080.006
Male (n = 6224)
Age294/6224 (4.7)1.091.07-1.11< 0.001
Smoking
Never/former188/4410 (4.3)Reference
Current106/1814 (5.8)1.441.12-1.790.004
Obesity
No164/3833 (4.3)Reference
Yes130/2391 (5.4)1.411.11-1.790.005
CRC family history
No281/5796 (4.8)Reference
Yes13/438 (3.0)0.550.31-0.960.037
CEA294/6224 (4.7)1.041.01-1.080.023
Adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol, obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-C abnormality (HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men or < 50 mg/dL for women), LDL-C, DM-R (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or use of diabetes medications), HTN-R (elevated blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications), insulin, regular exercise, CRC family history and CEA. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CRC: Colorectal cancer; DM-R: Diabetes mellitus-related factors; HTN-R: Hypertension-related factors; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.