Effect of intraperitoneal local anesthetic on pain characteristics after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 1 Study characteristics

Study	Year	Patients (n) IPLA/control	Type of LA	Pain characteristics	Postoperative time point (h)
Chundrigar et al[39]	1993	28/30	B	Abdominal (R)	1, 2, 4, 8
Pasqualucci et al[21]	1994	28/14	B	Abdominal (R)	0, 4, 8, 12, 24
Rademaker et al[23]	1994	30/15	B, L	Abdominal(R)	0.5, 1, 2, 4
Joris et al[34]	1995	20/20	B	Visceral/Parietal (R) Shoulder (S)	1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48
Raetzell et al (1)[24]	1995	20/10	B	Abdominal (R, D)	4, 24, 48, 72
Raetzell et al (2)[24]	1995	12/12	B	Abdominal (R)	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24
Scheinin et al[25]	1995	40/20	B	Abdominal (R, D)	24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168
Pasqualucci et al[22]	1996	82/27	B	Abdominal (R)	0, 4, 8, 12, 24
Szem et al[46]	1996	26/29	B	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I)	3, 9, 15, 21
Mraović et al[45]	1997	40/40	R	Abdominal (R)	0.5, 4, 8, 12, 24
Cunniffe et al[49]	1998	55/50	B	Shoulder (I)	NA
Tsimoyiannis et al[29]	1998	50/50	B	Abdominal (R)	2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72
Elfberg et al[40]	2000	33/32	B	Abdominal (R)	2, 4, 8, 24, 48
Elhakim et al[41]	2000	25/25	L	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I, S)	0, 1, 6, 12, 18, 24
Gharaibeh et al[50]	2000	37/38	B	Shoulder (I)	NA
Lee et al[18]	2001	80/68	B	Visceral/Parietal (R) Shoulder (I)	1, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48
Labaille et al[35]	2002	25/12	R	Visceral/Parietal (R, D) Shoulder (I)	0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 20
Maestroni et al[44]	2002	30/30	R	Abdominal (R)	0, 4, 8, 12, 24
Lepner et al[28]	2003	20/20	L	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (S)	1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24
Ng et al[36]	2004	21/22	LB	Abdominal (R, D) Shoulder (I, S)	0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Jabbour-Khoury et al[27]	2005	20/20	B	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (S)	0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24
Louizos et al[19]	2005	54/50	B	Abdominal (R, D) Shoulder (I, S)	0.5, 4, 8, 12, 24
Barczyński et al[14]	2006	60/60	B	Abdominal (R)	4, 8, 12, 24, 48
Karaaslan et al[16]	2006	50/15	B	Abdominal (R)	0, 4, 8, 12, 24
Alkhamesi et al[13]	2007	40/40	B	Abdominal (R)	0, 6, 12, 24
Garcia et al[33]	2007	19/13	B	Abdominal (R, D)	0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24
Kucuk et al[17]	2007	60/20	B, R	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I)	0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24
Ahmed et al[12]	2008	100/100	B, L	Abdominal (R)	0, 4, 8, 12, 24
Pappas-Gogos et al[20]	2008	40/20	R	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (S)	2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72
Alper et al[37]	2009	20/20	LB	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I)	0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Golubović et al[26]	2009	30/30	B	Abdominal (R)	0.5, 1, 2, 4, 24
Zimmer et al[47]	2010	25/25	B	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (S)	1, 2, 24
El-Labban et al[42]	2011	63/63	LB	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I)	0.5, 4, 8, 12, 24
Hilvering et al[43]	2011	39/39	LB	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I)	0.5, 2, 4, 8, 24
Cha et al[31]	2012	40/40	R	Visceral/Parietal (R) Shoulder (S)	2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48
Ingelmo et al[15]	2013	56/29	R	Abdominal (D) Shoulder (I)	4, 24, 48, 72
Alper et al[38]	2014	22/22	LB	Abdominal (R) Shoulder (I)	0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Niknam et al[48]	2014	84/85	R	Shoulder (S)	4, 72
Yang et al[30]	2014	22/24	L	Abdominal (R)	2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48
Yeh et al[32]	2014	110/110	LB	Abdominal (R)	1, 6, 24

IPLA: Intraperitoneal local anesthetics; LA: Local anesthetics; R: Resting; D: Dynamic; I: Incidence; S: Severity; R: Ropivacaine; L: Lidocaine; B: Bupivacaine; LB: Levobupivacaine; NA: Not available.