Zhu WH, Fang LZ, Lu CR, Dai HL, Chen JH, Qiao QH, Chen LY. Correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic risk factors and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(35): 10192-10199 [PMID: 26401084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i35.10192]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Li-Ying Chen, MD, Department of Family Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun Donglu, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China. cly0906@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2015; 21(35): 10192-10199 Published online Sep 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i35.10192
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and no non-alcoholic fatty liver disease groups
Variables
NAFLD groups
non-NAFLD group
P value
(n = 4025)
(n = 4578)
Age (yr)
46.92 ± 9.12
45.67 ± 9.95
< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
26.42 ± 2.83
22.93 ± 2.63
< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)
127.68 ± 15.49
119.46 ± 16.17
< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)
79.65 ± 11.38
72.78 ± 11.04
< 0.001
WC (cm)
90.70 ± 7.88
80.08 ± 8.23
< 0.001
FBG (mmol/L)
5.46 ± 1.36
4.97 ± 0.87
< 0.001
TG (mmol/L)
2.18 ± 1.64
1.25 ± 0.81
< 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.12 ± 0.28
1.29 ± 0.29
< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)
5.02 ± 0.98
4.68 ± 0.89
< 0.001
LDL (mmol/L)
2.82 ± 0.78
2.65 ± 0.73
< 0.001
UA (mmol/L)
386.60 ± 88.75
319.00 ± 87.17
< 0.001
Mean baPWV value (cm/s)
1384.09 ± 228.86
1297.38 ± 237.58
< 0.001
Table 2 Relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease n (%)
High baPWV
Non-high baPWV
OR
95%CI
P value
Males with NAFLD
No
1436 (46.4)
1219 (34.2)
-
-
-
Yes
1659 (53.6)
2348 (65.8)
1.667
1.510-1.841
< 0.001
Females with NAFLD
No
1004 (79.9)
372 (54.4)
-
-
Yes
253 (20.1)
312 (45.6)
3.328
2.714-4.082
< 0.001
Entire population
No
2440 (56.1)
1591 (37.4)
-
-
-
Yes
1912 (43.9 )
2660 (62.6)
2.134
1.957-2.326
< 0.001
Table 3 Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after stratification of metabolic risk factors n (%)
Variable
NAFLD
Males (n = 6662)
Females (n = 1941)
Subjects with high baPWV
OR (95%CI)
P value
Subjects with high baPWV
OR (95%CI)
P value
MS
No
No
1033 (39.5)
Ref
296 (23.3)
Ref
-
Yes
1089 (58.2)
1.280 (1.139-1.439)
< 0.001
139 (43.7)
2.550 (1.972-3.297)
< 0.001
Yes
No
185 (66.5)
Ref
-
76 (70.4)
Ref
-
Yes
1259 (69.4)
1.142 (0.873-1.494)
0.331
173 (70.0)
0.984 (0.600-1.614)
0.950
High BP
No
No
698 (35.9)
Ref
-
185 (16.3)
Ref
-
Yes
990 (43.5)
1.374 (1.214-1.556)
<0.001
139 (39.7)
3.383 (2.593-4.413)
< 0.001
Yes
No
520 (73.6)
Ref
-
187 (77.6)
Ref
-
Yes
1352 (78.8)
1.339 (1.093-1.641)
0.005
173 (80.5)
1.189 (0.756-1.871)
0.453
High WC
No
No
947 (43.7)
Ref
-
218 (20.5)
Ref
-
Yes
886 (54.8)
1.559 (1.369-1.775)
< 0.001
75 (47.5)
3.503 (2.478-4.950)
< 0.001
Yes
No
271 (55.5)
Ref
-
154 (48.2)
Yes
1462 (61.2)
1.262 (1.036-1.536)
0.021
237 (58.2)
1.439 (1.070-1.936)
0.016
High FPG
No
No
1019 (43.2)
Ref
-
326 (25.1)
Ref
-
Yes
1573 (53.4)
1.508 (1.352-1.681)
< 0.001
210 (48.4)
2.801 (2.234-3.512)
< 0.001
Yes
No
199 (67.9)
Ref
-
46 (60.5)
Ref
_
Yes
775 (73.0)
1.280 (0.967-1.694)
0.084
102 (77.9)
2.294 (1.237-4.255)
0.008
High TG
No
No
919 (44.2)
Ref
-
315 (25.2)
Ref
-
Yes
959 (54.1)
1.486 (1.308-1.688)
< 0.001
199 (52.6)
3.296 (2.596-4.186)
< 0.001
Yes
No
299 (52.0)
Ref
-
57 (49.9)
Ref
-
Yes
1389 (62.2)
1.517 (1.262-1.825)
< 0.001
113 (60.4)
1.875 (1.188-2.960)
0.007
Low HDL
No
No
933 (45.5)
Ref
-
210 (25.4)
Ref
-
Yes
1368 (59.2)
1.709 (1.515-1.927)
< 0.001
108 (50.7)
3.027 (2.218-4.131)
< 0.001
Yes
No
285 (45.9)
Ref
-
162 (29.6)
Ref
-
Yes
980 (57.8)
1.614 (1.341-1.941)
204 (58.0)
3.284 (2.482-4.346)
< 0.001
High TC
No
No
868 (45.1)
Ref
-
245 (22.6)
Ref
-
Yes
1373 (56.6)
1.588 (1.408-1.791)
< 0.001
190 (49.5)
3.350 (2.621-4.282)
< 0.001
Yes
No
350 (48.1)
Ref
-
127 (43.3)
Ref
_
Yes
975 (61.7)
1.736 (1.454-2.073)
< 0.001
122 (67.4)
2.703 (1.835-3.981)
< 0.001
High LDL
No
No
867 (44.9)
Ref
-
258 (22.7)
Ref
-
Yes
1544 (58.9)
1.758 (1.561-1.979)
< 0.001
224 (53.6)
3.925 (3.096-4.975)
< 0.001
Yes
No
351 (48.5)
Ref
-
114 (47.3)
Ref
-
Yes
804 (58.0)
1.466 (1.223-1.756)
< 0.001
88 (59.9)
1.662 (1.097-2.518)
0.017
High UA
No
No
797 (45.6)
Ref
-
384 (26.4)
Ref
-
Yes
1544 (58.9)
1.725 (1.523-1.924)
< 0.001
260 (53.3)
3.202 (2.580-3.973)
< 0.001
Yes
No
239 (45.7)
Ref
-
24 (47.0)
Ref
-
Yes
857 (59.7)
1.543 (1.260-1.890)
< 0.001
52 (67.5)
2.340 (1.130-4.843)
0.022
Table 4 Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after adjustment for metabolic components
Group
Males (n = 6662)
Females (n = 1941)
n (%)
OR (95%CI)
P value
n (%)
OR (95%CI)
P value
NAFLD0
2653 (39.8)
Ref
-
1376 (70.9)
Ref
-
NAFLD1
4009 (60.2)
1.21 (1.09-1.33)
< 0.001
565 (29.1)
1.40 (1.08-1.82)
< 0.001
MC0
787 (11.8)
Ref
-
451 (23.2)
Ref
-
MC1
955 (14.3)
1.59 (1.29-1.97)
< 0.001
511 (26.3)
3.38 (2.19-5.20)
< 0.001
MC2
1288 (19.3)
2.03 (1.66-2.48)
< 0.001
368 (19.0)
5.04 (3.23-7.87)
< 0.001
MC3
1282 (19.2)
2.66 (2.16-3.27)
< 0.001
272 (14.0)
7.40 (4.67-11.80)
< 0.001
MC4
1117 (16.8)
3.22 (2.60-3.99)
< 0.001
187 (9.60)
9.84 (5.83-16.60)
< 0.001
MC5
763 (11.5)
4.35 (3.42-5.52)
< 0.001
106 (5.50)
11.87 (6.40-22.03)
< 0.001
MC6 and above
470 (7.10)
5.59 (4.23-7.38)
< 0.001
46 (2.40)
20.26 (7.45-55.12)
< 0.001
Citation: Zhu WH, Fang LZ, Lu CR, Dai HL, Chen JH, Qiao QH, Chen LY. Correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic risk factors and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(35): 10192-10199