Advantage of endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap for rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics n (%)

	EMR-C(n = 65)	ESD(n = 51)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	52.31 ± 9.83	48.47 ± 12.23	0.063
Male gender	43 (66.2)	33 (64.7)	0.872
Follow up period (d), mean ± SD	689.58 ± 468.94	760.84 ± 458.91	0.414
Specimen size (mm),	10.15 ± 2.21	13.10 ± 3.99	< 0.001
mean ± SD (range)	(6.0-15.0)	(8.0-25.0)
Tumor size (mm),	4.62 ± 1.66	7.73 ± 3.14	< 0.001
mean ± SD (range)	(1.0-10.0)	(3.0-18.0)
EUS measured size (mm),	4.72 ± 1.51	7.27 ± 2.54	< 0.001
mean ± SD (range)	(1.0-8.0)	(2.7-17.0)
Tumor size (mm)
0 < tumor size ≤ 5	50	13
5 < tumor size ≤ 10	15	31
> 10	0	7

EMR-C: Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes by endoscopic treatment modality n (%)

	EMR-C(n = 65)	ESD(n = 51)	P value
Procedure time (min), mean ± SD,	3.83 ± 1.17	14.43 ± 7.26	< 0.001
Complication	0 (0.0)	4 (7.8)	0.044
Bleeding	0	4 (7.8)
Perforation	0	0
Endoscopic complete resection	65/65 (100)	51/51 (100)
Histologic complete resection	60/65 (92.3)	40/51 (78.4)	0.042
Vertical margin involvement	1 (1.5)	1 (2.0)	0.864
Lateral margin involvement	1 (1.5)	2 (3.9)	0.710
Vertical and Lateral margin involvement	0 (0.0)	2 (3.9)	0.159
Indeterminate margin	3 (4.6)	6 (11.8)	0.178
Vertical:Lateral:Vertical and Lateral, n	2:1:0	1:3:2
Lymphovascular invasion	0	1	0.322

EMR-C: Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Table 3 Baseline characteristics by tumor size n (%)

NET size	Size ≤5 mm (n = 63)			5 mm < size ≤10 mm (n = 46)
	EMR-C(n = 50)	ESD(n = 13)	P value	EMR-C(n = 15)	ESD(n = 31)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	50.78 ± 9.45	45.85 ± 15.46	0.151	57.4 ± 9.63	48.48 ± 11.04	0.011
Male gender	33 (66.0)	7 (53.8)	0.417	10 (66.7)	21 (67.7)	0.942
Follow up period (d), mean ± SD	714.1	806.31	0.567	607.87	710.9	0.419
	± 489.29	± 604.66		± 397.56	± 403.00
Specimen size (mm),	10.05	10.83	0.287	10.47	13.14	0.004
mean ± SD	± 2.21	± 2.78		± 2.26	± 3.68
Tumor size (mm),	3.9	4.31	0.158	7.00	7.87	0.051
mean ± SD	± 0.95	± 0.75		± 1.25	± 1.43
EUS measured size (mm),	4.44	5.77	0.005	5.80	7.03	0.019
mean ± SD	± 1.31	± 2.01		± 1.47	± 5.80

EMR-C: Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor.

Table 4 Clinical outcomes by tumor size n (%)

	size ≤5 mm (n = 63)			5 mm < size ≤10 mm (n = 46)
	EMR-C(n = 50)	ESD(n = 13)	P value	EMR-C(n = 15)	ESD(n = 31)	P value
Procedure time (min), mean ± SD	3.94 ± 1.27	12.52 ± 3.42	< 0.001	3.45 ± 0.60	14.96 ± 8.85	< 0.001
Complication	0	2 (15.4)	0.165	0	2 (6.5)	0.161
Bleeding	0	2 (15.4)		0	2 (6.5)
Perforation	0	0		0	0
Endoscopic complete resection	50 (100)	13 (100)		15 (100)	31 (100)
Histologic complete resection	48 (96.0)	13 (100)	0.472	12 (80.0)	22 (71.0)	0.524
Vertical margin involvement	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Lateral margin involvement	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		1 (6.7)	2 (6.5)	0.979
Vertical and Lateral margin involvement	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.614	0	2 (6.5)	0.161
Indeterminate margin	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.614	2 (13.3)	5 (16.1)	0.810
Vertical:lateral: Vertical and Lateral	1:0:0	0:0:0		1:1:0	1:2:2

EMR-C: Endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.