Ko SH, Baeg MK, Han KD, Ko SH, Ahn YB. Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(24): 7478-7487 [PMID: 26139993 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7478]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Yu-Bae Ahn, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea. yoonk@catholic.ac.kr
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Cohort Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
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Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes according to quartile groups of liver markers
Men
Women
ALT
AST
AST/ALT
GGT
ALT
AST
AST/ALT
GGT
Model 1
Q1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q2
1.04 (0.708-1.515)
0.62 (0.429-0.891)
0.58 (0.416-0.812)
1.81 (1.195-2.748)
1.54 (0.975-2.429)
1.16 (0.811-1.670)
0.44 (0.338-0.569)
0.84 (0.537-1.319)
Q3
1.61 (1.105-2.343)
0.75 (0.525-1.068)
0.37 (0.256-0.519)
2.07 (1.406-3.051)
2.74 (1.723-4.351)
0.78 (0.527-1.141)
0.16 (0.112-0.233)
1.68 (1.102-2.559)
Q4
2.63 (1.820-3.797)
1.16 (0.824-1.617)
0.24 (0.162-0.351)
3.47 (2.372-5.074)
5.31 (3.528-7.991)
1.27 (0.884-1.816)
0.17 (0.118-0.242)
3.99 (2.766-5.744)
P for trend
< 0.001
0.256
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
0.396
< 0.001
< 0.001
Model 2
Q1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q2
1.07 (0.698-1.652)
0.55 (0.366-0.836)
0.67 (0.447-0.998)
1.61 (1.015-2.538)
1.27 (0.777-2.077)
1.08 (0.741-1.577)
0.51 (0.377-0.695)
0.69 (0.426-1.116)
Q3
1.43 (0.899-2.274)
0.74 (0.484-1.119)
0.42 (0.270-0.640)
2.03 (1.312-3.151)
1.90 (1.158-3.120)
0.70 (0.449-1.092)
0.23 (0.154-0.357)
1.11 (0.686-1.801)
Q4
2.22 (1.381-3.559)
0.96 (0.640-1.432)
0.30 (0.185-0.483)
3.05 (1.913-4.877)
3.16 (1.990-5.026)
1.06 (0.714-1.571)
0.28 (0.188-0.429)
2.23(1.459-3.397)
P for trend
< 0.001
0.681
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
0.926
< 0.001
< 0.001
Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios for the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose according to quartile groups of liver markers
Men
Women
ALT
AST
AST/ALT
GGT
ALT
AST
AST/ALT
GGT
Model 1
Q1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q2
1.29 (0.942-1.754)
1.40 (1.030-1.889)
0.65 (0.487-0.855)
1.46 (1.066-1.998)
1.50 (1.117-2.022)
1.15 (0.863-1.540)
0.63 (0.496-0.805)
2.05 (1.452-2.902)
Q3
1.69 (1.269-2.246)
1.57 (1.171-2.095)
0.46 (0.342-0.612)
2.54 (1.907-3.393)
1.98 (1.474-2.658)
1.09 (0.785-1.502)
0.37 (0.285-0.475)
3.74 (2.606-5.355)
Q4
2.76 (2.026-3.750)
2.08 (1.532-2.815)
0.39 (0.283-0.547)
3.63 (2.721-4.852)
3.24 (2.397-4.369)
1.70 (1.265-2.274)
0.32 (0.248-0.423)
5.56 (3.970-7.780)
P for trend
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
Model 2
Q1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Q2
1.07 (0.738-1.546)
1.29 (0.905-1.849)
0.77 (0.550-1.077)
1.27 (0.871-1.843)
1.27 (0.904-1.789)
1.04 (0.749-1.444)
0.72 (0.556-0.936)
1.98 (1.333-2.946)
Q3
1.07 (0.752-1.513)
1.33 (0.924-1.906)
0.63 (0.446-0.890)
1.97 (1.362-2.856)
1.53 (1.081-2.151)
0.92 (0.642-1.323)
0.48 (0.360-0.642)
2.97 (1.974-4.469)
Q4
1.69 (1.172-2.447)
1.46 (1.009-2.111)
0.70 (0.464-1.055)
2.32 (1.608-3.356)
2.00 (1.422-2.823)
1.34 (0.980-1.838)
0.49 (0.365-0.667)
4.00 (2.720-5.874)
P for trend
0.005
0.053
0.042
< 0.001
< 0.001
0.094
< 0.001
< 0.001
Table 4 Risk of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose examined by combinations of liver markers
Men
Women
OR (95%CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
In type 2 diabetes
ALT, highest quartile, and AST/ALT, lowest quartile
2.77 (1.749-4.371)
< 0.001
3.76 (2.731-5.175)
< 0.001
ALT, highest quartile, and GGT, highest quartile
2.37 (1.486-3.794)
< 0.001
4.03 (2.961-5.492)
< 0.001
GGT, highest quartile, and AST/ALT, lowest quartile
2.73 (1.614-4.634)
< 0.001
4.20 (2.987-5.903)
< 0.001
ALT, GGT, highest quartile, and AST/ALT, lowest quartile
3.21 (1.829-5.622)
< 0.001
4.60 (3.217-6.582)
< 0.001
In IFG
ALT, highest quartile, and AST/ALT, lowest quartile
2.04 (1.410-2.952)
< 0.001
1.88 (1.439-2.458)
< 0.001
ALT, highest quartile, and GGT, highest quartile
2.10 (1.413-3.105)
< 0.001
2.27 (1.676-3.072)
< 0.001
GGT, highest quartile, and AST/ALT, lowest quartile
1.79 (1.182-2.716)
0.006
2.38 (1.761-3.220)
< 0.001
ALT, GGT, highest quartile, and AST/ALT, lowest quartile
1.99 (1.264-3.131)
0.003
2.40 (1.720-3.354)
< 0.001
Citation: Ko SH, Baeg MK, Han KD, Ko SH, Ahn YB. Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(24): 7478-7487