Obesity, fatty liver disease and intestinal microbiota

Table 1 Some key host proteins and factors those their expressions were changed by intestinal microbial changes and those play role in the development of obesity

Host protein/factor	Function
Fiaf (fasting-induced adipocyte factor)	A protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity
ChREBP (carbohydrate response element-binding protein)	A transcription factor that recognizes monosaccharides in the portal vein and plays a key role in the hepatic carbohydrate metabolism
SREBP-1 (liver sterol response element-binding protein type-1)	A transcription factor family that controls the lipid synthesis in the liver and other tissues
G-protein coupled receptors (GPR43 and GPR41)	Proteins expressed in enteroendocrine L-cells those recognize luminal SCFAs and mediate SCFA-induced GLP-1 release. They also present in adipocytes and promote adipogenesis by increasing lipid accumulation and inhibiting lipolysis and stimulate leptin production in response to SCFAs
Toll like receptors	Transmembrane molecules those recognize bacterial breakdown products
GLP 1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1)	A protein produced by intestinal epithelial endocrine L-cells that stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits gastrointestinal motility, regulates appetite and food intake
Peptide YY	A peptide hormone produced by intestinal epithelial endocrine L-cells that inhibits intestinal motility
Farnesoid X receptor	A receptor expressed in liver and intestine that regulates bile acid synthesis,transport and detoxification

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids.