Therapeutic advances: Single incision laparoscopic hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

Table 1 Comparing mean post-operative pain between study arms

				Technique		Reduction of pain in SILC:	P value1	Conclusions regarding SILC
				SILC	LC	Mean (95%CI)
				(s.d.)	(s.d.)
Pain score: mean	4 h post-procedure	Umbilical	At rest	1.604	2.085	0.48	0.400	Non-inferior
				-1.644	-2.275	(-0.657-1.618)
			On movement	2.275	2.469	0.194	0.766	Inconclusive
				-2.063	-2.479	(-1.109-1.497)
		Extra-umbilical	At rest	0.933	1.631	0.697	0.272	Non-inferior
				-1.764	-2.621	(-0.567-1.962)
			On movement	1.258	1.773	0.515	0.457	Non-inferior
				-2.147	-2.656	(-0.866-1.895)
	24 h post-procedure	Umbilical	At rest	2.300	2.652	0.352	0.593	Non-inferior
				-1.895	-2.632	(-0.965-1.669)
			On movement	3.613	3.548	-0.065	0.939	Inconclusive
				-2.668	-3.196	(-1.760-1.631)
		Extra-umbilical	At rest	0.696	2.684	1.988	0.002	Superior
				-1.406	-2.660	(0.763-3.213)
			On movement	0.942	3.124	2.182	0.004	Superior
				-1.767	-3.104	(0.729-3.635)
	14 d post-procedure	Umbilical	At rest	0.833	0.960	0.127	0.763	Non-inferior
				-1.465	-1.457	(-0.713-0.966)
			On movement	1.583	1.720	0.137	0.781	Non-inferior
				-1.717	-1.696	(-0.844-1.118)
		Extra-umbilical	At rest	0.167	0.400	0.233	0.319	Non-inferior
				-0.637	-0.957	(-0.234-0.700)
			On movement	0.375	0.640	0.265	0.495	Non-inferior
				-1.096	-1.551	(-0.510-1.040)

¹There is a significant reduction in extra-umbilical pain scores 24 h post-operatively. SILC: Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy.